ӡ ѽ ǽѬӫ
ӫѡ
1870
ѡ ӫѡ
12
ߴ ӫѡ
1
ԫ ӫѡ
߬ ., ߬ . (ӫ߬ ., ߬ .), .ſ (쿬߬)
ӫԫѮ
ѽ ӡ ӫߴ .ſ ߬ Ѻ ԡ Ѽ ѡ
ԡ 쿬߬ Ӭ ǽѬ ӡ һ
Ľ 諡Կ. Ѽ ٽ 12 ѽѬ Ѯ 5 7 Ѭ.
ӫ Կ ١Ѯ ( .. ߿, ǡѮ, ǽѬ) ѡἿ
ɫ
1
ѵ
ӡ ӿ
2
ѵ
ӡ ӿӿ
3
ѵ
ӡ Ѽѡ
ԫ
ѡѡ ӫԫѮ ѽ ӡ. ꬫ.
ӫԫѮ ӡ ѽ ǽѬӫ
ӫԫѴ ӡ ǽѬӫ ١: ӿ߫, ӿӿѼ Ѽѡ
[
1907.
]
[
1907-1918.
]
ẫ
߬ ի
1884
ߴ
8
߬ ի Ѽӿ
һѡ
1884
ߴ һѡ
8
1890
߬ ի ǬѼ
һѡ
1890
1894
߽
1894. ߬ү իү ǬѼ ߫ ѻѡ ߽.
߬ ᵿ "ѡ Խѽ
Ԭӫѡ ѡ ӫ".
䫻ѽ ߿߬ ӿ ߬ ի ǬѼ.
߽ ѽ ӡ ..
ū ӿѺ 15 ѡԴӴ 1894. ѽ ӡ ٽ ѽѡ
ᬫѽ Ҫ߬ .
26 ѡԴӴ 1894. һ ǡ Ӭ, ӫԫᬫ
߬ ߫ . Ӭ ѡ١.
ӡ ѡ١ ӫ ߫ѡ ᪡
ҽ ӫѡ߬ ὼ٪߬
Ҭѡ
Ѯ
1894
ѡ
2
ߴ
10
ԫ Ҭ
ѻ߬ ҽ߬, ӿ ߬ ѻտ ǽѬ߿ ()
2 ԴӴ 1894. ѽ ӡ ٽ Ҭѡ Ѵ ѻ߬ ҽ߬,
ӿѼ ߬ ѻտ ǽѬ߿Ѽ (ټ) ѽѡ
Ҫ߬ ߬ ߫ Ѻ ѡ ի ԡٮ ѡ.
Ҫѡ
߬ . (), ., ߬ ߫
Ѯ
䫽 ԡٮ ѡ, ᬫѽ , ѡ߬ ӫế ( 30.11.1894.)
1894
ѡ
2
ߴ
10
1894
ߴ
12
15 ѡԴӴ 1894. ٽ ạѡ ᬫѽѼ Ҫ߬ .
߬, 30 Ӵ 1894. ѡ ѽ ӡ ٽ ạѡ
ᬫѽ Ҫ߬ ѡ߬ ӫế ѡѼ Կ ᬫѽ
߬ . (), ., ɫ-ӫ Ӭ ӿ ӫ߬ ế
Ѯ
䫽 ԫѽ, ᬫѽ ѡ߬ ӫế, ѻѽ ߬
1894
ߴ
12
1907
ѡ
1
ߴ
1
Ѭ 1894. ѡ ѽ ӡ ٽ ѽѡ ԫѽ
ɫ-ӫ Ӭ ӿ ѡ߬ ӫế.
黫߽ Ѽ . ެ ǡ Ӭ ӫ ӫ Ѯ:
ӿ, ӿӿ, Ѽѡ (1901..), Ѯ (1913..) (1907..).
1903. .ѽ ӡ ỿ "ԫӿ߬ ỿ߬ ߫ԫ
Ҫ߬ 25 (18971903.)".
.ѽ ӿ Կ Կ Ӭ-ѡ .
1895. ߫ԫ ѡ ҽ߬ 髺ѡ߬
Կѽ 쿬.
1898. .ѽ ߫ԫ ѡ ߿߬ .
ԡ ߽Ҫѡ Ӭ ӿԫ .ѽ ٽ ѡ Ӭټ Ἷ
ѡ
ѡ
1898
ѡ
25
ߴ
3
߬
ѡ
1901
ѡ
17
ߴ
3
Ἷ
ѡ
1905
ѡ
6
ߴ
5
Ҭѡ
ӫԫѮ
1907
ѡ
1
ߴ
1
Ҫѡ
߬ . (), .ӪҼ, ԫ-ӫ ߫
ӫԫѮ
䫽 ԫѽ, ٮ
1907
ѡ
1
ߴ
1
1907
ѡ
7
ߴ
2
߬ . (), ., ɫ-ӫ Ӭ ӿ ӫ߬ ế
ӫԫѮ
䫽 ԫѽ, ᬫѽ, ѻѽ ߬
1907
ѡ
7
ߴ
2
1918
ѡ
14
ߴ
2
.ѽ ᡡ ѻ߬ ҽ߬ Ҫ߬
Ǽӫ߿Ѽ () Ҫ߬ ѺԿ, ԫӫ , ԫ
߫ ѼѡѼ ԫ "߽Ҫ ẵ ѴѽԿ ԫ ӫ Ѯ
ɫ߿".
Ὣ Կ Ѵѽ: ӫ ᮡү-ԫү
, ٻ߬Ὣ .
ġ ٽ ߫ , ԫٮ һ Ѭ-Ѯ
ѽҪ߬ ӫ߬ իѡ.
ٽ ѿԡ . ߬ ߽, ߬ .
黫߽ ߬ ߽ߡԿ ߬
ѡ߬ ế.
.ѽ ѽټ ԫ߬ ߫Դ, ӫ ߽
Ѫѡ.
ԼὫ ԫԿ ߫ ӫѡ ..ެ, Ҫ߬
߽Ҫ һү տ. .ѽ ӫ ߽, ѡ
ἴԿ ..ެ.
.ѽ ҽӡ ߴ "߬ տ ԡ".
ѡԴ 1909. 100-Կ .. "..
ӿԿ ӫѡ".
߫ѡٮ ӫԫѴ ӡ, ӫѡ
1913 1914 ߫ߴ ỿ߿. ԫ, Ѫ ,
ѡ ߫ "Ѯ ԫӿ", ߫Ҫѡ
ѡ 300-Կ 䫼 ɫᡫ, Ѽӿү տ߬ ..
1913. ѽ ѡ Ѻٮ ѽٮ ٮ . "߫,
ӿԿ߬ Ӭ ".
.ѽ ߴ , ٻ ӡ "-ѫ", ѽ
ѫԿ߬ Ѭ , ԫ Ѽ ӿի, ԡ
, ӿ Ѯ.
ӿ :
" Ѽ ӫ Ѭ ѡ ӫ,
ӿҪѡ ٽ ѡ . Ѽ ٽ ӿ :
" Ѭ "".
19 Ӵ 1918. ߽ Ἷ ӫ ,
ӿ ƿի Կߴ իѡ үڿ ԡټ Ѽ.
10/23 ὴ 1918. ٽ ߫ԫߴ ԫӪѡ
߽Ҫ Ҫ߬ ߫, ԫӫ ٽ ѡ
ӿ ߫ѡ ԡٮ ի.
Ҫ߬ իѡ Կ ., ԡ Ѽ ӫ
ԫ ӫ, ӫ ӫԿ ԫ ԫӪѡ ߽Ҫ
ӫ, ߫߿ߴ.
. ҡ ӫ ߽ ӡٮ Ѫ ӫѽ. ߬:
" ߬:
"ԫ ѽ? Կ!"
߽ ᬿ Ẽ Ѫ ӫѽ. Ҫ
ѡ , ѵ ᬫ ӫԫ ᬫ
ѻѡ, ԫ ߽ , ԫѡ Ѯ Ѽ Ѫ
ӫѽ ߽Ὣ. ԫ ٽ ѡٮ ӡٮ ,
ԫٮ ߽ իӫޫ . ԫ ѵ, ...
ġ Ҫ , ӿ ԫ ѽ, իԴ
߫ߴ, ԫ ߽ ...
߫ԫ ԫ ԫӪѡ ߽Ҫѡ, ѵ ѽ
߬ ӫ...".
ӫ .ѽ ӿ Ѽѡڿ, Ѽ ᬫ ӿԿ߬
, Կ߬ ӿ, Ѽ ѻӿߡѡ
.
Ѻ ӫ ߴ ѽٮ Ӵ ߡѮ
ߡٮ
ѡ .ǡ III ѻѡ
ѡ
1914
ѡ
6
ߴ
5
ߡ ѡ ѡ .ǡ .ѽ ӿѽ
Ӵ
߬ . (), .
1918
ѡ
12
ߴ
2
ӿ :
"ӫ 12/25 ὴ, , ߴ .
ԫ ӿ Ѭԫ .. ѡ...
髽Ҵ, ߬, ԫ ӿ ߡ .
߬ Ἷ ( , Ѫ ӫԬ), ٽ
ߡ . Կ, ԫӫ Ὣ, ٽ Ѽ, ԫ : ߬.
, ѡ Ѯ ߬ ӫѽ . ūѼ-ԫ
, ԫ ߴ. ٽ Կ Ѽ.
Ѽ ? , ԡ. ԫ ߽.
ӡ, Կߴ ԡ ѽ.
ԫ ߽, Ҽ Ҫѡ ߫
߬ ԫ-ԫ ӫ: , Կ, ԫӫ.
ټ ѽ ߽".
.ѽ ٽ ѡ "Ҭѽ Կٮ ԡ
ᵿ Ӭ", ԫү "ի իѡ ӫ
ԫ ԫ ٮ Ѫ"
諡
1918
ѡ
27
ߴ
2
ѽ
ԫ
߬ ., ., .ƫ
ԫ իӫѡ
߬ ., ., ӫ , ӫ Ӭ
14/27 ὴ 1918. .ѽ ٽ ѡ ߡѮἿ ѽ Ӵ
ӫ ߬ү ѽ ѽ ƫ.
ӫ ١Ѯ ӿ, ӿӿ 濼ѫ ᬪ ٽ ѽ ԫ ѡ
߬ .
ӿ:
" ߬ӫ, Ὣ ԡ, ԫ ѽ ƫ,
߿ ᬫ-ԫ .
潫, ѽ ٽ ӿѺѡ, ԫ, ѡ ѡ߬
Ѫ ѡ ԫ. ѡ, ԫ ѽ,
ᬫ ٬Ἷ. ߴ ߽, ٽ ѽ
ٽ ߫ Ѭ Ѭ. ƫ ԫӴ, Ҽ, ԫ
.
Ѻ ߬ Ѯ ߽ իӫ ߬, ԫ Ѻ
߬ү ѽ, ԫ Ὣ, ԫ ᮼ ӫ ӫ
ԡ. ӻҽ ԫ ӫ ߡ. ū, Ѻ.
ѽ Ѫ , ԫ ѽ ԫ Ե
ӿѺ, ԫ ӫ߿ Ѽ ߴ...
߬ Կ Ե, ԫ , ӫԡ, ӿ
...".
ū ѽ , ١Ѯ . ߡѮ
Ἷ.
ӿ:
" Ѯ ѽ ѽ ѽ ѽ.
ѽ ߬ ԫ , ԫ ѽ.
ġ ԫ-ԫ ӿ , ԫ-ԫ ӫ ԫ, ԫ
Ҽ ߽ٮ . ѽѮ ԫ
ԡ Կ , Կ ߬, ޡ ,
, ӫ߬ ߽. , ߴ ߽, Ҽ, ԫ ѡ
Կ Ҽ...
ѽ, -, ޡ: ӿ .
ӿ ٽ ԫ , .
ӿ ٽ ԫ-ԫ ޡ: ѽ ҽѮ ٽ
ẽռԿ , ѽ, ٬.
Ӵ, ԫ ѡ ߽ Ҫ Կ. ѽ
ԫ 17 . ԫ ҽѮ,
ӡҽ Ѽ . , ѡ ٽ ѽ.
ġ ٽ ...
Ҫ , ԫ , ԫ ߴ ߬
ԫ . ߿ѽ ԫ... Կ ٽ
ӫ, Ҫ ѽ ế, ѽ
ѻտ , ԫ-ԫ Ѯ. ӫ.
ѡ, ѡ ӿիѮ, ѽ ެ Ӭ ᡫ.
ġ Ӫ ߫ Ҭ, -ԫ ߫, ߫ ߪټ ҽἿ
ӿ ԫ-ԫ ӫ:
"?"
ެ ߬:
", ǡ, ѽ!"
߬ҽ:
" 髽 !"...
ġ Ҽӽ ټ. !"
꼴 ӫԫѴ ٽ ԫ ӫ Ѯ ӿի ƿի
31 /13 ѽ 1918. ἴ Ӭ
߽ү ѡ.
һ ɫ߿ ѽ 1999. " " ѡ
߿ ᡫᵿ ߬ ѻտ ..Ӭѽ.
2002., ߽ѡ ӫ ߬ 潫߬ ӿ, ߿
ӿһ ѡ ѽ ӫԫѴ ӡ.
2008. 90-Կ ѡ߬ . ١Ѯ. ..Ӭѽ
ٻԿ ӫޯ " ѡ ߬ Ѽ".
..Ӭѽ ԫ ӫޯ ỿ:
"Կ ٮ ӿ Ԭ 伿ӿ
ӡ, Ҭ ., ԫٮ ӫ߿ ٬ ӿ
ӫ ӫ߽ѡ .".
ԫ Ѽ ٽ ԡ, ԫ 1981. .ѽ ߫ Ἷ ٽ ӫ߽ѡ
߬ ߽ Ӭ Ѯ ߫ ѡ ɫ߿߬.
ū߽ ߫ԫߴ 2007. Ǭ ᡫ߬ ѡ Ѫ
Ὣ ټ ӿ ѡ ߴ߽ ߬ ѻտ
ѡ, ѡ Ѻ ߫߬ Կ
ᡫӫᡡ 1981., ԫ ٽ ӫ߽ѡ ߬
߽ Ӭ.
ѡ 濡 ߬ ߽ Ӭ 15 ԴӴ 2018.
ѡ ӫԫѴ ӡ ١Ѯ ӿ, ӿӿ 濼ѫ
ٽ ѡ ѡ Ӭ ߬ ᡫѡ
߫ ἴ ѡѡ ӫԫѴ ӡ
١Ѯ ӿ, ӿӿ 濼ѫ ѡ ѡ߬ 14/27 ὴ
ᡫᵿ
ѡѡ ӫԫѮ ѽ ӡ
15/10/2018
Ѽ ᡫӫ
տѮ߬ ߬ ߽ Ӭ, 1316 2000. ѡٮ 濡, Ļѽѡ 15 ԴӴ 2018.
ԫ
߬ ѻտ
䡿 ἴԿ
1
ٮ Կ
14.02
ٮ Կ
27.02
ѡ ѡ߬ (1918.)
2
ѡ ɫ߿߬
߬ѡ, 25.01/07.02
ᵿ
1
Ҽ . ӡ һѡ // Կ ߬ . 1994.
2
߬ . 忺ѫ ѡ ߬. 1918-. , 1995. (ӿ ԫӿ ߬ Ӭ .; .1).
.35.
3
Ѵ ѡ ߽ ɫ߿߬ Ӭ 19171918. (Ѵ CXVI-CXIX). ., 1918. .10. ٻ.1.
.83.
4
ū߬ ., ӫԫ. ѡ ɫ߿߬. ., 1994. ѻ. . . 19491957. (䪫). .1.
.214.
5
ѡ ӫԫѮ ѽ ӡ ߫ Ἷ// .ru. : ѡ ɫ߿߬ ӫ, 2012. -. N 3(23).
.3.
6
"߬ " 11.04.2008. "ӡ".
7
ٮ ߬߬ ӿ. ѡ 濡 15 ԴӴ 2018 .
8
..Ὣ. ٻ߬ ߬ ի Ѽ.
9
߬ ӫ "߽ ". 16.08.2016. .諼ӫ. "ޡ Ѽѡ, ᬿ Ὣ....
10
ԫ߬ ߽ѽ 鿬ԫ ѽ. ӡ ѽ ǽѬӫ.
䫬Ҽѡ
1.
. .3431. Ļ.1. .563. .272.
(c) . ҽ