ѫ (ӫ 쿬 ǽѬ)
ӫѡ
1878
ѡ ӫѡ
15
ߴ ӫѡ
1
ԫ ӫѡ
ӫ߽߬ ., ɫԫ߬ ., Ѻ߬ ., .ѽ-篺
ѻ߬
ɫߴ ߬ Ѽ. Ե ǽѬѮ , ǡ ӫ.
Կ ѡ 쿬 ߽үڿ ѡ ߽ ӫѡ, ӿѼἿ ٽ
Ӭ ᡫ (ެ ) ѽ
ѽ-篺 ( Ե). ῡ ѡ ߫ ѡ
ѫ ߬ ӿԡ ǽѬӫ ѿ߬. 쿬 ޡ
ẫ, ᬪ իӫޫ ѽ, Һ٬.
쿬 Ѯ ӫ ѽ ԫ ߫ ѽѡ. ġ Ԭٽ
, ѽѼ ԫ ߽ ١ ǽѬѮ .
쿬 ӫ Ե ӫ
ԫ
߬ ѫ ( ѡ), ӫ.ǽѬ ӡ١ (߽), ӫ.ᡡ ѡ߬ (), ӫԫ.ᡡ 髺ѡ߬ (ᮡ ߽), 쿬 髺ѡ߬ (ᮡ )
߬ ѫ (ԫӫ ), Ҽѡ ӫѮ (߽), ӫ (.Ѽ), Ѯ ߽ ( ѻ߬)
߬ ѫ (ӫ)
߬ ѫ (ӫ)
[
1902-1906.
]
[
1906-1910.
]
[
1910-1919.
]
[
1919-1923.
]
[
1923-1925.
]
[
1925-1927.
]
[
1927-1928.
]
[
1929-1937.
]
Ҫѡ
߬ ., ߬ ߫-ѫѡ߬
䫽
1902
ѡ
29
ߴ
12
1903
Ѽ ӫ , ԫ ѿԡ.
ԫ ѼѮ ԫ, ԫ ᡡѮ Կ 쿬 Իߴ
ߴ , Կ ԫ ӿ. ūһ
ԫ Ѭ 1902. 24- , Ҽѡ
һߴ ӫڿ ѽ 29 ѬӴ 1902.
, ߬ տѮ߬ 䫼
䫽 ߽ޡ
1903
1906
ū߽ ѡ ߬ Ӵ ڿ տѼ, տѻ߬ ߬
߬ 쿬Ѽ (ټ), 쿬 ӫ ٽ ѽѡ
߬ տѮ߬ 䫼
߬ ., ߬ ߫-ѫѡ߬
䫽 ߽ޡ
1906
ѡ
23
ߴ
2
1906
ѡ
11
ߴ
3
߽ޡ Ӵ ٽ ߽ѡ 23 ὴ 1906., Ѽ Ҭẫ
Ὣ ӿ
Ҭѡ
ѫ
1906
ѡ
11
ߴ
3
ԫ
߬ ., ߬ ߫-ѫѡ߬
ԫ Ҭ
Ҽѡ Կ (ǡ)
ӫᬫ
1906
ѡ
3
ߴ
4
ԫ
, ѡ Ӭ, ԫ ´-ѽ߬ Ӭ
ԫ Ҭ
տѻ߬ ߬ ߬ (ӫ߬)
Ҫѡ
߬ ., ߬ ߫-ѫѡ߬
, ӫᬫ
1906
ѡ
11
ߴ
3
1908
ѡ
20
ߴ
2
ӫ ߽Ҫѡ ӫի ӫߡ ߽
ᡬ-, ߬ տѮ߬ 䫼
ӫᬫ
䫽 / ݬ, ݬ ( 01.04.1909.)
1908
ѡ
20
ߴ
2
1910
ѡ
24
ߴ
6
ѺѮ տѻ߬ ߬ (ӫ߬) 16 ὴ 1908.
N 230 ӫᬫ ѫ ٽ ạѡ ڿ ݬ ߬
տѮ߬ 䫼 ߽ѡѼ ߬ Ӵ, Ѽ ߽ Ҭ
߬ ի ߿ԫӿ 20 ὴ N 718. 1 ѽ 1909. ѵ ѫ
ٽ Ӫѡ Կ ݬ
Ҭѡ
ӫ
1910
ѡ
24
ߴ
6
Ҫѡ
ᡬ-, ߬ տѮ߬ 䫼
ӫ
䫽 ݬ
1910
ѡ
24
ߴ
6
1911
ѡ
4
ߴ
10
ӫѡ ӫ ѫ 1 ѬӴ 1910. ѡ Ѽ
Կ ߽ Ѻ ߫ѫѡ 21 ѡԴӴ 1911.
N 1156: "ߡ ѫԡ ӫѡ, ӫ ѫ ߴ,
Ӵѡ, Կ ݬ ӿ߽ѡѼ ߬
Ӵ ߴ ү ߽Ҫ ѡ". 櫫үڿ Ҭ
߽ 4 ԴӴ 1911.
߬ ., ߬ ߫-ѫѡ߬
ӫ
1911
ѡ
4
ߴ
10
1914
ѡ
29
ߴ
4
1912. .ѫ ټ ѡ߽ҪѽѼ, ạѡټ 꼻ԫ߬
߽ټ Կ߬ ߫ӫѡ Ὣ ү Ѽ.
Ѻ, ԫ ߫ԫ 1912., ӫ ѫ ٽ ߫
Լѡ ԫ Կ߬ .
ӿ: "ټ ߽Ҫѡ
ӫի ԫ ߽Ҫ ԫ, ếѽټ ѡ ѡ, ᡫѡѼ
ѡ, ԡټ իἿ Ѯ, ѡ ԡ ӫ, ԫӪѡټ
߽ҪѡѼ ӫ߬ Ἣ ӿѡѼ .ῡ Ὣ, .ѫ
߿ Ὣ ӫԿ ߴ ӫ ӫѡ
, ߡ߬ ѫү ӡ"
, 쿬-ǽѬӫ߬ ߬
ӫ
䫽 ԫѽ
1914
ѡ
29
ߴ
4
1918
ѽ 1914. ѵ ѫ ٽ ӫ ٮ 쿬-ǽѬӫ߬ ߬
(߬ ), ߫ԫ ѡ 꼻ԫ߬ ߽
Կ߬ .
ԫѽѼ 1907. ٽ ߬ ӫ ѫ (ӫԫ).
2 1914. ӫ ѫ ӫѡ ӫ Ѯ
߽Ҫѡ ӫ ߫ԫ ӫ.
ӫѡ ٽ ѡ ԫ ٽ ạѡ ӫ ѫ (ӫ)
Ѯ 濡, 諼߿ ѽ Ѯ
ӫ
䫽 ѡ 諼߿ ѽ Ѯ
1917
ѡ
8
ߴ
5
1917. Ѭѡᵿ տѻ߬ (ӫ߬) ӫ ѫ
ٽ ѡ ߫ ߫ԫѮ ӿ ѮѼ 濡 諼߿ ѽ Ѯ
. ѽѼ 諼߿ ߫ԫ տѻ߬ (ӫ߬)
ӫ, ߫ӡٮ
ӫ
1917
ѡ
14
ߴ
6
1917
ѡ
11
ߴ
7
߫ 諼߿ ѵ ѫ ߫ӡ
IX ѽ " Ӵ ".
߬ ѻտ, ӫ-ɫѡ߬ , ߬ տѮ߬ 䫼
ӫ
䫽 ݬ
1918
ѡ
15
ߴ
7
1919
1917. տѻ߬ (ӫ߬) ٽ ߬ү ,
ѡ ӫ. ū Ӵѡ ٽ ѡ
ӫ ѫ. ӿ ߬ү ѻտ, ٽ Ѽѡ ߽Ҫ
տ տѮ߬ ѽѡ ݬ
ѡ
ѡ
1911
ѡ
4
ߴ
10
Ѽ ѡ
տѻ߬ ߬ ߬ (ӫ߬)
ԫ ߡٮ ѽ
ѡ
1915
ѡ
6
ߴ
12
Խ-ӫ Ӵٮ ٺѡٮ
ѡ
1913
ѽ Խ-ӫү Ӵٮ ٺѡٮ ἴ
300-Կ 䫼 ɫᡫ
Ҭѡ
տӿ
1919
ߴ
4
ԫ
߬ ѻտ
ԫ Ҭ
ӫ (ӫ߬)
(?) 1919. տӿ ѫ ٽ ạѡ ԫѽѼ ɫԫ߬
ӿ߫߬ 2- ߡ Ӵ, ᬫ ӿ
ạѡ 1920. ٽ ѡ ԫѽ
Ҫѡ
ӫ߽߬ ., ., ūӫ߬ ߬
տӿ
1921
ѡ
17
ߴ
2
1921
ߴ
8
1921. տӿ ѫ ٽ ߽ѡ ߬ ūӫ߬
Ӵ, ԫѽѼ ԫӫ ߫ԫ ӿ ӫ߽߬ ѻտ ѻ߬
߬ (Ἣ)
ӫ߽߬ ., ߬ ., .ի
տӿ
1921
ߴ
8
1922
1921. ѵ ѫ ٽ ӫ ѡ ߬
ᡡѮ .ի. ԫ ӿ ߽Ҫѡ ߫ һ
Ѽ ߬ Կ. 26 ѽ 1922. (ߡӫ)
Ӵ Ѽ ѽ ѽ ߬ ߿
Ҽѡ ѽԿ (ɫ):
"....ѫ (ӫ) ѻ Ҫ տӿ. ӫ߽߬ ѻտ
ԡ ѻ߬ ӿ ѡ ѻտ ߽Ҫѡ ӫ
߽ ".
ū ѽ .ѫ Ѻ ѡ 1922. ٽ ԫ ߬
ӫ߽߬ ., .
1922
ӫٽ ᬽѡ 2 ߴ, ߽ ӫ ѽ ѽ-篺.
ԫ ٽ ԫ ѻ߬ ߬ (Ἣ), ԫٮ
իߴ ԫ 8 ߴ. ū߽ ѡ .ѫ ߫ߴ ӡߴ
, Կ ūӫ߬ Ӵ ѽ߬իѡ
Կ. ᬫ 1923 . ٽ ѡ ɫԫ ԫѽѼ ѡ߬
Ἷ ѡ߬ Ӵ
Ҫѡ
ӫ߽߬ ., .ɫԫ, ѡ߬ Ἷ
տӿ
1923
ߴ
5
1924
ѡ
19
ߴ
12
ٽ ѡټ ѡ߽ҪѽѼ. ߽Ҫѡ ߫ Ѫ,
߽Ҫ ѡ߬ ߫ ӫ, ԫ ӿ.
߽Ҫ .ѫ ߫Ὣ ӫ, ߬ ӫ
Ѽ ѻ ѡ ԡ ӫ
ӫ߽߬ ., .ɫԫ
1924
ѡ ӿ
"ӫ ᵿ ѡ ڿ Ѫҡӫ Ӫế"
" ѽ ѽ Ӫѡ -߬
Կ Ҫѡ ߫ӫԿѡ ᬫ ᡫѡ"
Ҫѡ
ӫ ӿ ӫ߽߬ .
27
/08
/1925
.70,119
ӿ
ѽ ߽Ѽ ѬԿ տ
ᬽѡ
ӫ߽߬ ., .ɫԫ,
1924
1924
ӫ߽, Ѽ
1924
1925
ѡ
17
ߴ
1
ӫ߽, Կԫ
1925
ѡ
17
ߴ
1
1925
ѽ .ѫ ٽ ѡ 6 . Ѭԡ ѽ Ѯ
ѡ ߫ ӫ 諽 ѡ ӫ ٽ
տӿ ѫ ӫ߽߬ . Կ Ӵ.
䫬Ҽѡ ٽ ߫ ...
Ѽ ѡ ѽ .ѫ ٽ ٻѡ ߬ Ѻ.
ᬽѡ ѽ տӿ ѫ ٽ ١ѡ 27 1925. Ѽ
ӿ:
"ѽ ӫ߽߬ ߡ һ ѡ,
ԫ .ӫ 쿬 ǽѬ (տӿ ѫ) үڿ
ӫ߽߬ ӡ ѽү ӫ. , ԫ ᡡ,
ӫԿүڿ .ӫ .. ѽ ߴ ... ѽ ѡ
諽 Ѭѡ".
ѽ տӿ ѫ ٽ Ѭѡ 1 ѡԴӴ 1925.
Ҫѡ
ӫ߽߬ ., .ɫԫ, ѡ߬ Ἷ
տӿ
1925
1926
ߴ
4
ɫԫ, ѡ߬ ߫
տӿ
䫽 ԫѽ
1926
ߴ
4
1927
ѡ
25
ߴ
4
Ҭѡ
ѻ߬
1927
ѡ
25
ߴ
4
ԫ Ҭ
ӫ (ӫ߬)
Ҫѡ
쿪ӫ߬ ѻտ
ѻ߬
䫽 ѻ߬ ӫѵ, ӿ 쿪ӫ߬ ѻտ
1927
ѡ
25
ߴ
4
1928
ѡ
1
ߴ
8
쿪ӫ߬ (߬) .
1928
ѡ ӿ
"/ Ѵѽ"
߬ ѫ ٽ ԫ ѡ / ѴѽԿ. ūӫԿ ԫ
ԫ ӿ ѿԡ, ߬ ߽ѡ ѽ տѴ ߿
ѡ.
ԼԿ, ԫ ӫѵ ӿ ӫὫ .
ߡᡡټ 25 ѽ 1927., ѡ ạѡ ѻ߬ ѫ,
Ὣ 1 1928., .. һ ߽
٬ ԫ .
ū߽ ѡ ٽ ạѡ ԽҪ߬ү , ԫ ᬪ ٽ
쿪ӫ߬ ӿ
Ҫѡ
쿪ӫ߬ (߬) ѻտ
ѻ߬
䫽 ѻ߬ ԽҪ߬, ӿ 쿪ӫ߬ (߬) ѻտ
1929
ѡ
1
ߴ
8
1937
"߬ ѫ ѡѼ, ٽ ѽ ߽ ߽Ҫ,
ի , ١. ٽ ߽ѡ ,
ԫ ٽ ѡ, Ѽ ѡ. ѽ ڿ
ү Կ . ӫ ѡ ӿի Ѽ
Ѽ. ѽѼ Ӭ Կ, ӿ
ѡ Ӭ " [
1
].
٬ ߫ Ѯ ի ӫ,
߬ Ѽ. Խ ἵ: Ҽѡ ǡԫ
() Ҽѡ ӫѮ (). 1934. Ի
ѡ ӫ߿ ӿ߽ ѡ Ҽ ӫ ӿ
ի. ٬ ѽ ӫӽԿ
߬ ., .Խ
1937
ѡ
5
ߴ
8
ԫ ߫ Ѽ ѡἿ ԽҪ߬
Ҫѡ
ӫ ӿ ߬ .
10
/11
/1937
ѡ
"/ Ѵѽ ߫ Ӭ-߬, ߿-ӫӿԿ߬, ߬-߬ ᵿ"
ӿ
ѽ
ᬽѡ
, ԯ
1937
1937
ѡ
11
ߴ
11
諡
1937
ѡ
11
ߴ
11
ѽ
ԫ
, ԯѼ
ԫ իӫѡ
߬ ., .Խ
ᵿ
1
߬ (ӽ߬), ӫ. ѡ, Կ ɫ߿߬ ߽ Ӭ ԫԿ: 忺ѫ ӿ . , 1992. .1.
.2526,61,170185,212.
2
Ǭ Ѯ ƿի, ӿ ߬߬ Ѵ ɫ߿, Ѯ Ҽѡ ѻ߬ ᡫ߬ Ѽ Ѯ Ӭ Կ, 19171943: . 2- Դ/ . .. . ., 1994.
.982.
3
ҿ (Ѽ߬ ..), . ߬ ߽ տ ӿ 1893 1965 . (ѽ). Erlangen, 19791989. .5.
.31.
4
ѽ ., ӫ."߬ 欫ӫ߽ޡ". ., 2005.
.3739.
5
ᬫ .. ߬ ԽҪ߬ ѫ (ӫ): "ѽ ߴ ᬿ ӿԿἿ, ᬿ Ѯ ..."// - 6- .-߽.."߽ ӻ. ӫ߬ ɫ߿".
6
ᬫ .. "ѽ ߴ ᬿ ӿԿἿ, ᬿ ѻ ..." ߬ ѫ (ӫ), 18781937. .: .., 2017. 232 .
ѽ
1.
ӫᬫ ġӿ (ᡫ Ľ ӿ߫), տӿ տ ߬ Ӵ
䫬Ҽѡ
1.
滿߬ ѻ߿ӫᡡ իѡ 쿪ӫ߬ (߬) ѻտ
(c) . ҽ