欿ӫ ᡫ
ӫѡ
1863
ѡ ӫѡ
4
ߴ ӫѡ
6
ԫ ӫѡ
߬ ., .鴺
ӫԫѮ
ѵ
߽
ӫ߿߬ ѡѡ XX Ѭ.
ѡ߬ Ѽ: ѵ ѡ ᡡ 欿ӫ (18301870?)
欿ӫ (18051860) ߽Ҫ ߯ Ӭ .ᡬ,
10 .鴺.
Ѽ ٽ ١ . ԡ ѡ ١Ѯ: ,
´, ߿
ԫ
ѡѡ ӫԫѮ 欿ӫ. ꬫ.
ӫԫѮ 欿ӫ ᡫ
1- Ӵ ߽ : .ѫѡ߬ ., 欿ӫ ǽѬ ., .欿ӫ ., ᬫ ߬. 2- Ӵ: 欿ӫ ., 欿ӫ .., 鴺
[
1884.
]
[
1884-1886.
]
[
1886-1892.
]
[
1892-1912.
]
[
1912-1918.
]
ẫ
Ү߬ ի
һѡ
1873
1877
ӿ ի , " Ҭ ӿӡ ѡ"
ٽ ѡ Ἷ ԫѡ 1- ߬ ի
Ѽӿ
߬ ի Ѽӿ
һѡ
1877
1883
Ѯѽٮ ѡ
ٽ Ѭѡ Ѯ ѡ ի ǬѼ
Ҫѡ
, Ӭ ӿ ѫ߬ ڿ
䫽 Ὣڿ
1883
1884
1884. ٽ ѽѡ ᬫ ᬿ߬ ߫ ӿ
ӫ ӫ߬ ᡬ-߬ ߿. ƫ ᬫߴ
ǡԫ 쿬 ߬, ..߬, ᬫ,
߽Ҫ ӿ ӫ ӫ߬, ߬ ߬
߿, ԫ ߬ һ.
8 ὴ 1884. ӫ ѡ ᡫ ǡԫ 쿬
߬ Ӭ ڿ ԫ ѫ ߬ ԫӫ.
. һ ӫ ߫ ѡ߬ ӫἿ ߬, ӡ߬
Ҭѡ
ᬫ
1884
ԫ
ԫ Ҭ
ӫ ߿
Ҫѡ
, ᬿ߬ ߫
ᬫ
1884
1886
ū ᡡټ [
9
] ߡ ߽Ҫ ӿ ᬿ߬ ߫ ߿ ᬫ
ẫ
ᡬ-߬ ի ǬѼ
һѡ
1886
1890
߽
ի ǬѼ ѵӫߴ Կ ѡ ߽.
߬ ᵿ ٽ Ѽ: "ѡ ӫѡ ꡡѡԿ,
տѻ߬ ߫߬ ӿ߬".
Ѽѡ Ὣ ѡ ǬѼ ѽ ѻѽ߬ү Ѵѽ,
ٽ ѽѡ ᬫѽ ӫ߬
Ҫѡ
ᡬ-, ѫ߬ ڿ
ᬫ
1886
ѡ
30
ߴ
6
1892
ᡬ-, ߬ ߫
ᬫ
1892
1892
Ҭѡ
Ѯ
1892
ѡ
14
ߴ
9
ԫ
ᡬ-
ԫ Ҭ
ӫ ᡬ-߬ ߬ ߿
Ҫѡ
ᡬ-, Ӭ Ѯ ӿ "ԫ " ӿ ӿ .Ľѡ߬
Ѯ
1892
ѡ
19
ߴ
9
1898
Ѽѡ . ٽ ᬫѽѼ ӿ
ᡬ-, 欫ѡ߬ Ӭ ߬
ѡ
1898
ѡ
30
ߴ
6
1912
ѡ
1
ߴ
2
Ѽ 欿ӫ ӫ Ѽӫ Ѯ
Ҭѡ
ӫԫѮ
1912
ԫ
ᡬ-
Ҫѡ
ᡬ-, 欫ѡ߬ Ӭ ߬
ӫԫѮ
䫽 ԫѽ
1912
ѡ
1
ߴ
2
1918
ӫ ѡ߬ ᡡѮ, . ᬫѽ ẽ
߬ , ٽ ᬫѽѼ ӫ߬ ӿ
ѻ .
ġ ᡡѮ, ᡡ Ѵѽ ߽
Ӭ. ԫ ߽ѽѼ 5- ԫ , ѡ
߿ ӫѡ ѽ-ѡ
ӫѡ ߽ Ӭ.
ٽ ѡ ӿѽ , ԡԿ,
ѡ ѽ߬ ߫ Ӭ .ӿ ǽѬ ӿ ߬ ӿ
ѽ ǽѬ 쿬.
ӫԫѮ ٽ ѡ Ҫڿߴ ѡ Ү߬
߬ ի . ߴ ѡ
Ҫڿߴ ᡡ ߬ ի Ѽӿ.
1903. һ ӵ, ӫڿ ᡬ-,
ӿѽ ڿ
Ѽ-ӵ, ӿڿ ԫ. ӫԫѮ ٽ ạѡ
ạѼ ԫ . ƫӿѼ ѽ ٽ
´ ᡫ 欿ӫ, ڡ ѡ-ӫ ѻѡ ѡ
߬ ԡԿ ѡ ӫ.
ԫټ ѽѼ ᡬ-, ӫԫѮ
ӫ 鴺, ӿѺ .
ԫ 1903., ԫӫߴ ߫ ӫѡἿ
諡
1918
ѡ
19
ߴ
1
߬ Ἷ
ԫ
ӫ, ǽѬӫ-߬
ԫ իӫѡ
ӫ, ƿ߬ ǽѬӫ-߬
ٽ 19 Ӵ/1 ὴ 1918.
18 Ӵ 1918. ӫ 欫ѡ߬ Ӭ ٽ ѡ ߫ѡ
ѽ, ԫ ٬-ӫ 19 Ӵ 3 ԫѽ Ӭ
. ӫ..ūӫ߬.
19 Ӵ ѡ Ի
ǽѬӫ-߬ү . ū ӫ ߫ڿ, ԫ , ٽ ߽ޡ
ѽ. Ἣ Կ ١ . 쿬, ᡡ
ի Ѽӿ, ԫٮ ԫ ӫ߿ Կ .
ᬫ ӫԫѿ, Ӵ һѪѡ, .
" Կ ӫԫѴ ..欿ӫ, ᡡ
ӫ߬ Ӭ-տ ԡ N 1 1918.:
"19 Ӵ 1918. ǽѬӫ-߬ү ӿٽ Ӵ ӫ߫
ߡѮ ӴѡѼ ߬ᵿ , ᡡټ
ӫ - 諽. Ԭ ߬ ԫ,
ӫ ѡἿ ԡ ѻ߬ ӫ ٽ ԫ
߫ Ѽ իټ ߫ӫ . ӿ Ӭ
ӿѬ ӫ, ߡѮ ١Ҫѡ ٽ Ѫ.
ᬫ ߬ ӡҽ , ӫ ѽ,
ի ѽ. ӫ իߴ, ѽٮ ӫԫѮ
欿ӫ, ԫѽ Ӭ, Կߴ ߿ Ӵ
ԫ߬ Ѽ, ӫ߿ ᡫߴ, ߬ӡ ١
ӿ ѺҪټ .
ѽ, ѡ ٽ ѽ ѡ,
, ѡٮ, Կߴ ӿ. ѽ ߫ѡ
ѡ, ߴ ѡ ӫ ѽ,
ԫ Դѽ ѡ.
ū ᡡټ [
1
]: "ū߽ ԫ Ẽ Ѽ ӿ "]
髫Ҫѡ Ѫ, ߬ Ҫѡ ԫ.
ӡ ҽ ӫ Ѻ ѽ Ӵ .
ѡ ٽ ٺ ѽ ١, ӫ, ԫٮ
ѽ Ե ᮡ Դѽ ߫ԫ. 佴 Ѽѡ
ڿ ѡ ѡ߽ ߫ ӫ N 246. Ӵ
߿ Ѯ, Կ Ὣ.
ӫԫѮ 欿ӫ ߬ߴ 10 ߫ 45 ... ".
21 Ӵ ߫ԫߴ ѡӫٮ ԡٮ ի ߬ ӬѮ
ǽѬӫ-߬ү Ѽ ߬ ӫѬ ߬ ߫.
ӫ ѡἿ Կߴ ӫ ߫ ߽ Ҽӫѡ
Ѯ ߽Ҫ ѡ տ ..
߽үڿ ѡ, 22 Ӵ, ӿ ޫ ѡ ӫ ߫
߫ ԿѽѼ ѡἿ, ѻ߬Ἷ ӫѼ ѼѼ Ի
ӫԫѴ 欿ӫ 欫ѡ߬ , ԫѽ.
ū ߡ ѽ ӿի ѡ Ὣ
欫ѡ߬ Ӭ, ԫ ٽ ѡ ѡ ԡ
. Ѽ ԡټ ԫ ߫߬ ѻԫ
ѡ ٽ ѡ Կ ѡѡ
ƿ߬ . ġ ߫ԫ 22 Ӵ 1918.
ӿ ѡ ӫ. .ӫ ߬ Ե :
" Ҫ ٽ Կ ѽӫ߿߬, ߿ԿѮ. ٽ
ѽѽ, ӫޡ. ġ, , - ѻӿѡ ,
Ἣ Ҽ Ѽ, ߫ѡ, ԫ ѽ
, ߫ Ѽ Ὣ".
ӫԫѮ .ūӫ߬ ߬:
"Ԭԫ ѽѬ, ټ Ѽ ߬ ,
Ҽѽ ߡ߬ ү Ѯ ... Ѽѡ
Ѽ ӿѽ ѡ߬ ".
31 1918. ѡ Ѯ ߬߬ ի Ѽӿ
ӿ ƿի ߴ һѡ , Ӭ ߽ү
ѡ ( ߽Ҫ, ѡ ѡ). Ѯ ӿ ҽ
. 欿ӫ.
1935., ᵿѮ ƿ߬ Ѭӫ ѴѽѮ
߬ . ٽ ҡԫѡ.
1994. ᮽ 欿ӫ, ., ٽ ѽѡ
ԫ , ӫ ԫ, ٽ ѡ ӫ .
ٽ ᡫѡ, Ѯ 27 ѡԴӴ 1994. ٽ ᡫѡ ἴԡٮ
.
1994. ӿի ѡ ӿ ǽѬ Ԭ ߬ߡ
Ӭ-ӿի߬ ެ ѡ ӫԫѴ 欿ӫ
ᡫᵿ
ѡѡ ӫԫѮ 欿ӫ
26/12/2001
Ѽ ᡫӫ
տѮ߬ ߬ ߽ Ӭ, 1316 2000. ѡٮ 濡, Ļѽѡ 26 ѬӴ 2001.
ԫ
߬ ѻտ
䡿 ἴԿ
1
ѡ ɫ߿߬
߬ѡ, 25.01/07.02
2
ٮ Կ
19.01
ٮ Կ
01.02
ѡ ѡ߬ (1918.)
ᵿ
1
ū߬ ., ӫԫ. ѡ ɫ߿߬. ., 1994. ѻ. . . 19491957. (䪫). .1.
.183.
2
߬߬ Ӭٮ ԡ. 1993. N 4.
3
ٻ ., ӫ. ԫӿ ߬ Ӭ, 19171997. .9. ., 1997.
.49,53.
4
. ٮ ѡ ӫѡѵ 鴺// 鴺߬ . 1997. 29 ԴӴ.
5
濡 , Ҽѡ, Һ ߽ ѡ-Ӭ߽ҪѽѮ Ӵ ᡬ-߬ ѻտ. XX ԫԿ. ., 1999.
.102.
6
濡 , Ҽѡ, Һ ߽ ѡ-Ӭ߽ҪѽѮ Ӵ ᡬ-߬ ѻտ: ԫԿ. 2- ѡ. ., 2002. 280.
.219.
7
ᡬ-߬ Կӫ. .: - "", " Կѽ ߿ ѽ", 2002. 416.
.219.
8
ѡѡ ӫԫѮ 欿ӫ (18631918)// Ӭٮ ԡ. Ѽߴ ᡬ-߬ ѻտ. 2002, N3.
.1113.
9
߬ . 忺, ᡡ // ᴬ. 鴺, 1998. 22 ԴӴ. N 106(13176).
10
߬ . 忺, ᡡ // ᴬ. 鴺, 1998. 24 ԴӴ. N 107(13177).
ѽ
1.
䫡 ǡ
䫬Ҽѡ
1.
ӡ N 81 ѡ 濡 ߬ ߽ Ӭ 26 ѬӴ 2001.
(c) . ҽ