ӡ ѽ ᡫ
ӫѡ
1861
ѡ ӫѡ
29
ߴ ӫѡ
12
ԫ ӫѡ
Ӽ߬ ., ߬ . (߬ ., ߬ .), .
Ѯ
ū ᡡټ [
1
] Ἷ ӡޫ.
ū ᡡټ [
3
] ӫѡ 1863.
ɫߴ Ѽ ԫѡ ѡ 쿬Կ ӡ һ
ǽѬ ǽѬӫ ( ). Ѽ ӡ ٽ
11 Ѯ: ߿, ѽ, Ӭ, ´, , ӿ, , ǡ,
, ཿ, ӿ. ١ ѽ ߿ ߬ү
իү Ѽӿ, ١ ´ ӿ߬ ի ,
, Ӭ, ƫ߬ү իү Ѽӿ. ١ ߽
ѡ߽Ҫѽ, .߿ .Ӭ ѡἿ ӫ߬
.ū߬ , .´ ٽ ᬫ ߿-ӿ߬
Ӭ .߬. ūԿ ӿ .ᡡ ӿ߬ ѻտ
ѡ߬ ѽἿ, ӫ Ҫ ڿ .
ѽ ٽ ١ .ᡡ
[
1918.
]
[
1918.
]
ẫ
߬ ի Ѽӿ
1886
ū߽ ի Ѽӿ ѽ ӡ һ Ѯ
ཿ ӫ, ӫիѮ ԫ һ߬ Ѽ, ӫѮ
ӿ
Ҭѡ
Ѯ
1886
ū߽ Ҭѡ ѡ ٽ ѡ ߽Ҫѡ ѽ
ҽ߬ ߬ Ѻ
Ҫѡ
Ӽ߬ ., ߬ ., .ҽ߬, Ӭ .ѫ ūߵ
Ѯ
1886
ѽ ٽ ѡٮ ᪡ٮ Ѯ, ӫѡٮ
Կ XIX Ѭ. ԫ Ѽ, ҽ߬ ߽Ҫ .ѽ,
Ҫ իߴ ի ߫ԫ: ѡ ڿ.
1890. ա , ԡ Ӭ
ӫӫ 꽿, ӿ ẫ.
ԫ Ѽ ٽ ߽ټ .. ӫ
ѡ . ū ԫ, Ѽ ӿի ߫
߽Ҫѡ Ѯ ѻ Ӭ ѽѡ ѫ ūߵ,
ӿի, ѽ ߬ ԡ ѡ, ٽ 6 ߴ
ѽѬ.
1894. Ӵ Կ Ἣ Ὣ ѡ ѡ Ӭ
ӫӫ 꽿, . ԫ Ѽѡ Ҫ ѽ
ԫ ´-ѽ߬ Ӭ ߬
ӿ߬ Ѻ
Ӽ߬ ., ӿ߬ ., .߬ , ´-ѽ߬ Ӭ
Ѯ
1895
ߴ
3
1894. ٽ ѡ ѡ.
1895. .ѽ ѼѮ .-Ԭ߬
Ӽ߬ ., ӿ߬ ., .-Ԭ߬ , ѡ߬ Ӭ
Ѯ
䫽 տԫ ( 1910.), ٮ 2- ߬ ( 1915.)
1895
ߴ
3
1918
.ѽ ӡ ӫ߽Ҫ -Ԭ߬ 23 ߬Կ
ٽ Ѽ ӿիἿ.
ū ӫѡ, ٽ ӫ, ӫټ ѽѬ,
߫ Ӭ ᡫѡ.
ӿ . 1900. ԫ ӫ Ӭ ٽ ӫѡ
ѽѺ ѡ ҡѡ.
ѡ 1904. ٽ ѡ Ἷ, 1909. ߡټ
ԫ.
1910. .ѽ ٽ ạѡ տԫӫ 2- ߬
ӿ߬ Ѻ 1911.
1915. ߫ԫ ټ 2- ӿ߬ Ѻ.
Ѽ ӡ ӫ ӫ Ѯ: ӿ ཿ ١ 쿬.
ެ ཿ ٽ իӫޫ ẫᡡ ѡڿ, ѻ Ѽѵ
ᡵҺ߬ ٬. ߫ѡ, ٽ Ѻ , - ԫӫ
Ҽ Ѽ ӫ, ԫ, ӫѡ,
ѡѼ ѡ Ѻ ӫ ӫߴ ӫټ.
1908., ӿ ӫ ԫ ѡ, ެ ཿ ߬. ġ ٽ
իӫѡ -Ԭ߬ .
ԫ 1908. Ҽ ѵ Ѵ ѡ ᡡ ӡ.
., ǽѬ ǽѬӫ, ӫ
߬ 1934. 90 (իӫѡ ᡫ߬
.ӿ).
Կ . իӫ ẫ: 쿬 ӿԫ, ӿ
ӿ߬ ѻտ ѡ߬ .
Ѯ .ѽ -Ԭ߬ : ١ 쿬 ߴ
Ӽ, Ҫ ѡ, ӫѽ
ѽѺ ӫ ߬ ԫ ߬ (߿߬).
ཿ ӿ߬ ѻտ ѡ߬ .
1917. Ҫ ѽ Ӽ 쿬 Ӽ.
ѡ ߫ ӿ, Ӽ 쿬 Ҫ ӫ
Ԭ ٽ ӫ. ᬫ Կ Ҫѡ ٽ ߴ
ѡ
ѡ
1894
Ἷ
ѡ
1904
ߡٮ
ѡ
1909
Ӽ߬ ., ӿ߬ ., .-Ԭ߬
1918
ߴ
6
ԫ 1918. ߴ ݻѡ ߬ . -Ԭ߬
ߴ Կ һѡ ի߽ᵬ ߬, Ѽߴ ӿ.
1918 ߡ ۴ -Ԭ߬ ᵿ,
ᬫ, Ѻ, Ҫ һ Ӵ ߡ Ӽ.
ƫ Ҭ ѽ ԡ ѻ ٽ ԫ ԡ
"Կ߬ Ѵѽ" ѽ, ԫټ ߡ ԡ߽ . ӡ
١ 쿬Ѽ Ѽ Ӽᡫ 쿬Ѽ Ӽټ, ᬪ Ѭԫټ
ӿիἿ ѡ߬ Ӭ -ỿᡫ ..ᡫ߬ ..ӫټ,
ԫ ԫ ӡߴ ӫԫ ӫ
ѡ; ..ӫټ ..ӫټ, ߽ ԫ ٽ
ӫ Ӭ߬ ѡ , үѮ -Ԭ߬ լߡټ
Ѽ ԫ; ߽Ҫڿ ߡ ..ټ;
..߬; ѡ Ѯ ߫ѡ ..ٽѪټ .
Ѻ ӿ, ٽ ᬽѡ Կ
"Ǽӿ߬".
1918. ᵿ Ե ١
ӿիἿ Ӭ Ѻ ӫ ѽ ѡ .Ἷ (Ἷ߬)
ᬽѡ
Ӽ߬ ., .ӿ, ԯ Կ "Ǽӿ߬"
1918
ߴ
6
1918
ӫ ѽ ᬽѡ, ѡ: ԼὫ
߽ ԡ Կ, ѡ ߬ ԡ , Ӵ
ѽ ӿ ѡԿ, ӿҼ ߫
һѡ.
Һ ԫ Կ ӫ ѽ, ᬫ ٽ
Ӽ߬ ., ӿ߬ ., .-Ԭ߬
1918
ߴ
7
߬ ߫ԫߴ ԫӡٮ ѡ ѽѮ -Ԭ߬
. ū ߬ ӫѡ, ԫ ԯެ, ཿ
ҪѼ, ١ 쿬, , Ҫ .
ԫ Ѽ ӫ ѽ ԡ ߫ѻ, ӿ
..
" ԫ?! ԫ իԿ ԫ ѡ?"
һߴ Ӽ 쿬.
", ?!"
ӿ ߡ ӫ: ., Ӽ Ӽ
쿬.
, ԫᡡټ, Ѻ ӿ,
Ӵѡ ӿ߬ Ѻ ߫ѻ
ᬽѡ
Ӽ߬ ., .ӿ, ԡٮ Ѫ ҽ (?)
1918
ߴ
7
1918
ѡ
20
ߴ
7
ᬽѡ Һ ٽ, ӫԡ, ԡٮ Ѫ .
ཿ ԫ Ե Ҫ, , ӿ,
Ҫ ԡ
諡
1918
ѡ
20
ߴ
7
ѽ
ԫ
Ӽ߬ ., ӿ߬ ., ߬ , 5 .Ἷ
ԫ իӫѡ
Ӽ߬ ., .ӿ, ѽѡ ɫ, Ѭӫ ǽѬӫ-߬ ѡ߬ Ӵ
, 7/20 1918. Һ ٽ ٺ ߫ѻ.
߬Ὣ "߬ ", ѽ ߫ѻ
տ ѡ Ӭ ӫ߿ ӿѡ, Ѽ
, ߫ѡ ѡ.
Ѽ ٺ Ӵ ߡӼѮ, ԫټ ٽ ӿᡫ Կ ԫᡡ
.Ἷ߬. ᬫ ӿ ԫ ߡӼѮ ٽ ᡫ
Ѭ ᮡ Ӵѡ. ԫᡡ ӫ, .
ի ӫ Կ ѽ Ἷ߬, Ѭ ҽ, ԫ
ߡӼѮ, ԫ Կ-Կ ԫᡡ,
߽ߴ Ѻỡٮ ӿ:
" ӿ ߴ!"
߽ Կ Ӵҽ ѽ. ڿ Ե
ӫ ԡ ӫ, -ỿ ᡫ߬
߽Ҫ ѽ߬ ѽ Կ һ .
..ӫ, Ӵ Դѽ ѡ, ѽ Կߴ ӿԫү
, ٽ ԫټ ѽ.
Ӽ 쿬 Ӽ, ߿ ѡٮ Ҭ, Ѫ, ӿ ӫ
߬ Ӵ ߫ ٽ ߡӼѮἿ.
쿬 ӡ .ӫ ӫ߿ Ѫ ạ ԫӫ
, Ӵ ԫ, ԫ ٽ Ԭ ߿ٮ , ߽.
12/25 1918. ӿ һ Կ 3- ի߽ᵬ ѽ
ѡ߬ ᬫ ڿ Ѽ ..髮ի߬.
Ҭ ѽ.
ᡬ Ե ӡ ٽ Ҫѡ Ѻ ߴ
߽ ѽ.
11/24 ߫ԫ ѡ.
Ĭ Կ ߫ ӫ, ߬ , ӫ ѽἿ
ѡ ٽ ԫӪѡ ѡ ѽѡѼ. ߽ѡ ӫ߿
իѡ ߫ӫѡ ѡ Ѯ ѡ ҽ
-ƿ߬ ѡ߬ ӯ. Ե
ԫӪѡ Իѽ ǽѬӫ-߬ ߫ ѽ իӫ
Ӵ Ѯ ߬ ( ѽ ӫ).
ӫѡ ԫ :
ӿѺ . ཿ. ū
ѡ, ཿ Ҭ Ե Ҫ Ἷ
. ᬫ Ѯ ѡ .
ԫ 1919 ӿ ٽ ᡴ ߡټ.
1920- . -ƿ߬ ٽ , Ѭӫ,
ߴ ǽѬӫ-߬ ߫, ѻѡ ѼѮ.
Կ ԫ ѡ . ߴ ټ.
١ ., 쿬 һ ѽټ ߿߬, ߴ
Ѯ ӫߴ , ߽
ѡߴ ѽ ١ ӿ.
ԯެ ཿ , ԫ Ѽ, ӫ Ե
ҪѼ, ٽ Ѽѡ, Ѭ 1918. ӫ ѡ 쿡.
ġ ١Ҫѡ ٽ ߬ߴ ѡ .
ཿ -Ԭ߬ ѽѮ,
1924. ԫӿ Ҫ ѻѽ 諡Կ 轿ѡ
. ġ ߬ , Ѻ ӫ
. ཿ ߯ ӫ ެ,
߬ 1991. 92 ߡ߬ , ߴ Ѽ
1937.
ᡫᵿ
ѡѡ ѡ ѽ ӡ
17/07/2002
Ѽ ᡫӫ
տѮ߬ ߬ ߽ Ӭ, 1316 2000. ѡٮ 濡, Ļѽѡ 17 2002.
ԫ
ӿ߬ ѻտ
䡿 ἴԿ
1
ѡ ɫ߿߬
߬ѡ, 25.01/07.02
2
ٮ Կ
07.07
ٮ Կ
20.07
ѡ ѡ߬ (1918.)
ᵿ
1
ӿ ., ӫԫѮ. ӿ߬ ѻտ. Կ. . . ӿ: - . ҡ߿, 2001. 336. .177.
2
ǽѬӫ-߬ -ƿ߬ ѡ߬ .ӿ. ѡѡ ѽ ӡ .
3
߽ . Ӽᵿ ѡ ӿ߬ ѻտ. ѡѡ ѽ ӡ.
ѽ
1.
諼߿ ᡫᵿ ӿ߬ ѻտ.
䫬Ҽѡ
1.
滿߫ ѡ ѡ ӿ߬ ѻտ, ѻ߿ӫᡡ 1918 (߫ѡ տټ ӿ)
2.
ӡ N 35 ѡ 濡 ߬ ߽ Ӭ 17 2002.
(c) . ҽ