ӿ ǽѬѮ ᡫ 
     ӫѡ 1861 
    ѡ ӫѡ 6 
    ߴ ӫѡ 2 
    ԫ ӫѡ Ӽ߬ . 
    ӫԫѮ 
    ɫߴ Ѽ ӫԫѴ ᡡ ӿ
    ԫ [ 1883.] [1883-1902.] [1902-1918.]
      ẫ᡿
        Ӽ߬ ի Ѽӿ
         ᡿ 1882 
        Ĭ իү Ѽӿ ԫ I Ӵ.
        1881. һ Ѯ ỿԫ 󫽫󡫮
      Ҭѡ
        ᬫ 
        1882 
      Ҫѡ
        Ӽ, ѡ߬ Ӭ Ӽ߬ Ҫ߬ ế 
        ᬫ 
        䫽 ѽ ᬫѽ ެ Ӽ߬ ߻ѽ ߬ ѽѡ 
          1882 
         ᡿ 1883 
      Ҭѡ
        Ѯ 
        1883 
        ѡ 19 
        ߴ 1 
        ԫ Ҭ ѻ߬ ӿ߬ ´ 
      Ҫѡ
        Ӽ߬ ., ߡ߬ ., .ӿ߬, ԫ-ӫ Ӭ 
        Ѯ 
        䫽 ᬫѽ ӫ񡫼 , ѡ ߬ ߫ 1 .ߡ߬ 
          1882 
         ᡿ 1887 
        ѡ ᡿ 16 
        ߴ ᡿ 8 
        1886. — ѡ ߬ ߫ 1 .ߡ߬.
        1887. ߻ޡ ѻ᡿ ᬫ ӫ񡫼
        ٽ ԫѡ տ߬ ߽ѡ.
        Կ Ѽ .ǽѬ߿ ެ ỿԫ ӫ񿽫 ӫ Ѯ:
        ǽѬ (1883..), ١ (1885.., ߽ ѽ
        ԫ-쿬߬ ի߬ Ӵ) ỿԫ (1886..)
        Ӽ߬ ., .ߡ߬, ӿ-߬ Ӭ ӿ ߡ߬  
        Ѯ 
        䫽 ѡ ߬ ߫ 1 .ߡ߬, ᬫѽ, ѻѽ Ӭ-߽߬ ٬, ѡ տ ڡ ߫ 
          1887 
        ѡ  16 
        ߴ  8 
         ᡿ 1890 
        ߴ ᡿ 9 
        16 1887. ẫ ի󡫮 諡߿ԫӿ ѡ ߽Ҫѡ Ӭ
        .ӿ ӿ ߡ߬ .
        Ѽѡ ѻ ᬫ Ӭ-߽߬ ٬.
        1889. ԫ ٽ ѫẫᡫ ӫ޽ѡ, ٽ
        200 ѡ. .ǽѬ߿ ٽ ᬫѽѼ 6-Կ ,
        Ҭ ὿ ѽ, տ, Ԭ ߽Ҫ, ԫӿ
        Ӭ.
        ӫ ԫ, .ǽѬ߿ ᬫѽѼ ߬-ެ߬
        ѽ߬իѡ ެ, ѫԿ߬ ᡿ Կ ӿ὿
        Կ߬ ٬.
        ߬ ٽ ᬪ ạѡ ѡ ߡ߬ Ѻ ѽѡ
        տ ڡ ߫.
        1889. Ѽ ӿ ӫ
        Ӽ߬ ., .ߡ߬, ԫ-ӫ ߫ 
        Ѯ 
        䫽 ڡ 1-  
          1890 
        ߴ  9 
         ᡿ 1891 
        ѡԴ 1890. .ǽѬ߿ ٽ ѡ ߽Ҫѡ ԫ-ӫ ߫.
        Դ 1890. ạѡ 񫽪 ڡ 1-
        ߡ߬ Ѻ.
        Ѽѡ ѻ ᬫ Ӭ-ӿի߬
        ӿ-߬ , սԡ ߫ ѡ.
        Կү Ѵѽ ԫߴ : ѡ
        ߬.
        1891. Ѽ .ǽѬ߿ ӫߴ ١ ǽѬѮ.
        ӿ ޿ ӿ Ե ǽѬ߿ ߽ ὿ һἿ ѡ
        Ӽ, ߫-ѫѡ߬ ٮ ߫ 
        Ѯ 
        䫽  ߫ ( 1896.) 
          1891 
         ᡿ 1902 
        1891. ѡ .Ӽ, ߫-ѫѡ߬ ٮ ߫.
        ᬪ ӫ񫽪 Կ ѻѽ߬ ѡ Ѵѽ.
        ġ үڿ Ҽ ެἿ ӿ Կѽ : լߡ
        Ӭ-ӿի߬ ѻտ Ὣڿ߬.
        ٽ ᬫѽѼ Ӽ߬ ѻտ ѡ߬ .
        1896. ٽ ạѡ ԫټ ѡ Ӽ߬ Ѻ ѽѡ
        տ ڡ ߫.
        1896. .ǽѬ߿ ٽ ѽѡ 񫽪 Ӵ ߫-ѫѡ߬
        ߫. ġ ѡ ߫ᡡ ߫ӡ ѡѮ,
        ᡡԿ ի񿽫 ᬪ ѡ ߿, ѡ Ѯ
        ߡ ѡ, ѡ Ӵ񬫼 ߽Ҫѡ.
        1896. ẫ Ѯ 濡 ԯެ ٽ Ӫѡ 񫽪Կ ԡ
        ѡ Ӽ߬ ի󡫮 ߿ԫӿ. ԫ ߴ 13 .
        .ǽѬ߿ ԡ ߴ ߫ Ӭ : Ἷ,
        ԫ , ѡ ԫ ǡ II III ѻѡ.
        1902. ի һ󽴯 ߬߬ 濡 ԿѮ
        ԯެ " ߫ѡ ߻ӫѡ 濡 ᡿"
        Ѯ 濡
        ѡ 
        ߬ 
        Ἷ 
        ԫ ߡٮ  
        Ѽ ѡ Ѯ޿ 濡 
        ѡ .ǡ II ѻѡ 
        ѡ .ǡ III ѻѡ 
         
        Ѽ ѡ Ѯ޿ 濡 
      Ҭѡ
        ӫԫѮ 
        1902 
      Ҫѡ
        Ӽ, ԫ-ѫѡ߬ ߫ 
        ӫԫѮ 
        䫽  ߫ 
          1902 
         ᡿ 1909 
        ߴ ᡿ 10 
        25 1904. ӫ ӿٽ Ѽٮ Ѯ ɫ߿ ѡ
        ѵ .ᡡ ӫ߬. 26 ߫޿ ߽Ҫѡ Ӽ߬
        ߫, ӿԫ ߽Ҫ ߫ԡ Ҽ ѫѡټ
        24 ѡἿ, ԫ ٽ .ǽѬ߿ ӿ.
        1904–1907 .ǽѬ߿ ѡ߬ Ӭ-ӿի߬ ެ,
        ѮѮ ӿ ѡ߬ Ӽ߬ ߻ѡ߬ .
        ӿ ߽Ҫѡ .ǽѬ߿ Ӽ ެ ỿԫ ӫߴ ԫ
        ѡ — 
        Ӽ߬ ., .ߡ߬, ԫ-ӫ ߫ 
        ӫԫѮ 
        䫽 ԫѽ, ٮ, ᬫѽ, үڿ Ӭ-ӿի߬ ެ, ѽ Ӭ-ӿի߬ ѽ 
          1909 
        ߴ  10 
        Դ 1909. .ǽѬ߿ ٽ ѡ ߡ ߡ߬ ԫ-ӫ ߫.
        Ѽѡ .ǽѬ߿ ٽ ạѡ ټ ӬѮ ߡ߬
        ѽѼ ߡ߬ Ѻ ѽѡ տ ڡ
        ߫.
        1910–1912. ᬪ ߻ ᡡԿ ү Ӭ-ӿի߬
        ެ ѽ ߡ߬ Ӭ-ӿի߬ ѽ.
        Ѽѡ .ǽѬ߿ ٽ ѡ ڡ ߫, ѡ ߬
        ߫ԫ ѡ߬ ế ӫ޽ѡ , ٽ ᬫѽѼ
        ᡬ-, IV ѡ Ҽ 
        ӫԫѮ 
        䫽 ѻ Ҽ, ѡ ᬵ ᵿ὿ԫ 
          1912 
        ѡ  20 
        ߴ  10 
         ᡿ 1917 
        20 ԴӴ 1912. Ӽ߬ ӡ߬ ѽټ ߫᡿Ѽ ٽ
        ѡ ѡ Ҽ IV ߫ Ӽ߬ .
        Ҽ һ ߽ѽٮ ӫԿ󡿬 󫽯 ڿԡ ߬
        ߫.
        12 ѬӴ, ѡ ѡ Ҽ, ԫߴ ѡ
        꼻ԫ߬ ѽ ӯ 꼻ԫ 쿬 II.
        ἴ ԫ ߫Կ Ѽ ٽ "ѼԿѮ Ὣ ߡ
        ѡѼ ѽ Ӵ 꼻ԫ 쿬 II".

        1913., Ѯ ԫӪ ߽ 300-Կ ᡿ 䫼
        ɫᡫ (21–24 ὴ) ӫԫѮ ǽѬ߿ ԫߴ Կ
        ѻԿ 꼻ԫ ѡ.
        ū߽ ԫ ԯެ ٽ Ὣ ߫ٮ ٮ ,
        "߫ Ѫѡٮ , ӿ߿޿ 꼻ԫ߬ ѽ
        ӡᡡ߬ ѡ ߽ 300-Կ ᡿ 䫼 ɫᡫ".

        1913. .ǽѬ߿ ٽ ѡ ѡ ԫ 衴 񿼿 IV ѻѡ,
        1917 ߽񡯯 — ὿
        Ӽ߬ ., .ߡ߬, ԫ-ӫ ߫ 
        ӫԫѮ 
        䫽 ԫѽ, ٮ, ᬫѽ 
         ᡿ 1918 
        ԫ 1918. ߡ߬ ߴ ҽ Ѻᬫ, ӿ " ".
        ԫ Ѽ ߡ߬ Ѻ ӫԿ 󫽡 ߬
        ᡿.
        ӫ Ӽ, ߫ᡡ Ἷ Ѻ Ἷ,
        ޽ Կ Ἣ ߡ߬ ᡫ 6 ,
        ᬫ ӫ Ҽѽ Ӫ ޿.
        ߡӼѮ ѻѡ ὿ Ӫ —  ߬ӫ
        Ѽѡ ᡿ ٽ ѡ
        ߫ٮ ٮ 300-Կ 䫼 ɫᡫ 
         ѡ 1913 
        ѡ ..񿼿 IV ѻѡ 
         ѡ 1913 
        ߴ 5 
        ὿ 
         ѡ 1917 
        ߴ 6 
        Ӽ߬ ., .ߡ߬ 
          1918 
        ѡ ӿ  "ѡ ѡ Ҽ 
        ὿ ߻, ԫ ߽ իѡ, ԫӫ 󿬿
        ѽ .
        ߬ ٽ ԫ ӫԫѮ ǽѬ߿ ӿ. ὿
        񡫮 ԡ , Ѽ ٽ ѡ ѡ
        ѡ Ҽ — "ԫ ѡ ѡ, ᬫ
        ۴ Ѽ"
    諡
      1918 
      ѡ 10 
      ߴ 9 
      ѽ 
      ԫ Ӽ߬ ., .ѡ߬  
      10 ѡԴӴ 1918. Ѽ .ǽѬ߿ ӿѽ Ѽ
      "Կ߬ ".
      ū ߻᡿ :
          "...ѵ ǽѬ߿ ٽ ѡ ѽү ӿ, — ߡٮ ѡٮ
           . ԫ Ӵ, Ѻ, ٽ ѽ. Ӵҽ ѽ.
           ƫ ߴ ԯެ ߼ѽټ —  һ
            ѡٮ. ᬫ ߡ ԫ ٽ Ὣ, Ҽ
            ټ ѽ ѡ. ӿ , ὿
           Ѻ ѽѺӫ Կ, 쿬߬ ҽ, ᡿, ԫӫ
           ԫ ߻ߴ 󬫼... ѽ ԯެ ٽ ߫ѡ Ѻѡ".

      17 ѡԴӴ 1918. ӫ ᡴ ߬ ѽ. ߽үڿ ѡ .ǽѬ߿
      ٽ Ի ԫ-ӫ ߫ ߡ߬ ѡ
      Ӵ ԫ .
      24 ѡԴӴ 1918. Ӵ իӫ ᬪ ӻ޿ ѡ߬ү
      ߼ Ҭ 󿬫 . ޫ .ǽѬ ὿߬.
      1935. ԫ-ӫ ߫ ٽ , ޿ ѡ߽ҪѽѮ
      ӫ󡴽 ѼѮ, ٽ ӫѡ ԫӫ.
      2000. .ǽѬ߿, . .ǽѬ ٽ ӫ߽ѡ ѡѡ
      ѡ ߻񡿬 ɫ߿߬ Ӽ߬ ѻտ.
      Դ 2002. ӫ޽ ѡ ԡ Ѯ .ǽѬ߿ ӿ.
      ὿ ա ߽ Ѽ, ὿ ޿ ώ߬ :
      —  , . ެ ӫ ߫᡿ ߽
      Ӵ ; — ѡ ԫ Կѽټ ӡѡԫ
      ѡԫ Կߡѡ ߿ " ߡ".
      ߬ ӫ ٽ ѽ .
      ѡѡ ٽ ѽ ӿ, ի񿽫 ѽ,
      ѡ ԫٮ ߡٮ , ԡ — ԡ
      Ἷ, ӿ ѽ ԫӫ ټ ҬἿ ٽ
      ޿ԫ "...". ᡿ Ӵ 񽿡 ᡫ 󫽫
      Ѽ-٪ ӫ. Կ ѻ Ե ǽѬ߿ ٽ Ѫѡ.
      ū߽ ӫѡ ݬ߻Կ ԡ ӫ -񿵿߬
      ݬ߻Կ .ӿ ڿ .ǽѬ߿ 11 2003. ٽ ѡ
      ѡ ԫ-ӫ ߫ ߡ߬, ١.
      ū үڿ ӫի ߽ѡ .
      ԫ Ѽ ԫ-ӫ ߫ ӫߴ ỿ ߵѽѡ
      ߡ ߽, ӫիڿ үڿ Ѯ ѡѡ
      ǽѬ߿ ӿ, ޫ ǽѬ ὿߬
    ᡫᵿ
      ѡѡ ӫԫѮ ǽѬ߿ ӿ 
       20/08/2000 
      Ѽ ᡫӫ տѮ߬ ߬ ߽󡫮 Ӭ, 13–16 2000. 
      ԫ  Ӽ߬ ѻտ 
      䡿 ἴԿ
        ѡ ߻񡿬 ɫ߿߬ 
        ߬ѡ, 25.01/07.02
    ᵿ ->
      1 ->
      ߬ (ӽ߬), ӫ. ѡ, ߻񡿬 󿪡 Կ ɫ߿߬ ߽󡫮 Ӭ ԫԿ: 忺ѫ᡿ ӿ . , 1996. .2. .116.
      2 ->
      ߬ . Ѽӡ ڿ. 󫡿߬, 1919. .62.
      3 ->
      Ӽ߬ տ 񫼫Կ. Ӽ, 1919. N 1. 15(28) . .13–19.
      4 ->
      Ѵ Ѯ ѡ pտpѮ߬ p ߬ p߽󡫮 p ߫p p߽ѡ ѡ ߻񡿬 ɫ߿߬ XX Ѭ. ߬, 12–16 2000.
      5 ->
      .. ѡ . Ҽ ( ). 櫺 4. ., 1912.
      6 ->
    ѽ ->
    䫬Ҽѡ ->
      1.滿߫ ѡ ѡ ӿ߬ ѻտ, ѻ߿ӫᡡ 1918 (߫ѡ տټ ӿ)

(c) . ҽ