ū 쿬 ᡫ #1
ӫѡ
1856
ѡ ӫѡ
6
ߴ ӫѡ
12
ԫ ӫѡ
ѽ߬ ., ġѪ߬ .
ӫԫѮ
ɫߴ 6 ѬӴ (19 ѬӴ ..) 1856. Ѽ ѡ ὫҮ߬ ӿի
Ӽᡫ ū һ ߬ ߿
ɫ
1
ѵ ӫԫѴ
ū ǽѬѮ 쿬
2
ѵ ѡ
ū ߿ 쿬 #2
[
1879.
]
[
1879-1914.
]
[
1919.
]
ẫ
ѽ߬ ի Ѽӿ
1876
1876. ѽ߬ү իү Ѽӿ II Ӵ, ѽ
VI Ѻ.
8 (21 ..) 1876. ѫѡټ ѻ߬ ѽ߬ ߬
ѡѼ (ӯټ) ѽѡ Ὣڿ ѵ ӿի ߬ Ѻ
ѽ߬ .
Ҫѡ
ѽ߬ ., ߬ ., ѵ ӿի
䫽 Ὣڿ
1876
ѡ
8
ߴ
8
1879
14/27 Ӵ 1879. ߫ߴ ᬫ ǡ߿Ѯ Ѽѡ, "߬ ",
ᬫѮ ѽ߬ ѻտ ѡ߬ " ѽ".
黫߽ Ѽ ӫ 10 ѽѬ Ѯ, ӫ ԫ Ҽӽ
ѡ. ١ ǽѬѮ (ӫ.29.03.1881.) ١Ѯ
߿ (ӫ.23.02.1890.) ѡἿ
Ҭѡ
Ѯ
1879
ѡ
23
ߴ
9
ԫ
ѽ߬ .
ԫ Ҭ
ѻ߬ ѽ߬ ߬ ´ (ӫ)
23 ѡԴӴ/6 ԴӴ 1879. Ҭѡ ѡ ѡ߬ Ӭ
ѡ߬ ӿի ѽ߬ Ѻ
Ҫѡ
ѽ߬ ., ѽ߬ ., ѡ߬ ӿի, ѡ߬ Ӭ
Ѯ
䫽 ѽ ᬫѽ Ӭ-ӿի߬ ެ
1879
ѡ
23
ߴ
9
1885
ѡ
3
ߴ
3
ӿի իߴ ѽ Ӵ.
- ᪡ ߬ ߫ԫ ӫ .쿬 Ѻ ,
ӫѡ ԫ ߽Ҫѡ
ѽ߬ ., ѡ߬ ., ߽߬ ӿի
Ѯ
䫽 ԫѽ, ᬫѽ ԡ Ӭ-ӿի߬ ެ
1885
ѡ
3
ߴ
3
1893
3/16 1885. ẫ ѽ߬ 諡߿ԫӿ ạѡ ԫѽѼ
߽߬ ӿի ѡ߬ Ѻ. ߴ ᬫѽѼ Ӭ-ӿի߬
ެ.
23 1892. .쿬 ӿ . ᡡ ӫ߬, Կ
߽߬ ӿի ѽ ѡ ӻ.ӽ ߬.
1893. .쿬 ӫѡ ߬ ӿի
ԫ Ե, ѡ ᡡ Ӽᡫ ū, ߴ .
ẫ ѽ߬ ի 諡߿ԫӿ 7 1893. .쿬 ٽ ѽѡ
" ӫѽ߬ ԫ"
ѽ߬ ., ߬ ., .
Ѯ
䫽 ᬫѽ
1893
ߴ
6
1914
ѡ
2
ߴ
7
26 1893., ѡ ƿ߬ Ѯ ӿ, .쿬
ѼѮ ӿٽ ..
15 ѡԴӴ 1893. .쿬 ạѡ ᬫѽѼ ߬ լߡ
⽿߬ ߡ ߬ .
߫ իѡ III ߬ Ѻ,
ԫӫ ӫի 6 ὴ 1895. ӫ߬ ӿի, .쿬 ٽ
ի ԫ ѡ ߬ ߫.
ẫ ߿ԫӿ 12 ὴ 1895. .쿬 ٽ Ӫѡ
Կ ի III IV ߬ Ѻ.
.쿬 ӿ ѡ ӫѽ, ԫ
ӿ Ե, ӿի߬ ѡ .俼ӿ 櫽ҡ߬,
Ὣѡ 1888. 1884. ѡ
. ѡ Ӭ, ԫӫ ߫ ѫѡٮ
쿬ᡫ (ѡ߬), ѻ߬ ѽ߬ ߬, ߫ԫ
10 1895. ٬ ߽ҪѡѼ ߽߫Ҫ 15 ѡ, ӿ
ԫӪ ԡ ӿի.
ԫ ѡ Ѯ տѮ߬ .쿬 ٽ ѡ ߬Ѯ.
.쿬 ߴ ѡѼ ԫ ӿ ѡ.
Ѯ ի ߫ԫ ӿի.
ټ ѽ Կ ѽ, ԫӫ ߽
ټ ѡ ạټ ߫Ἷ Ѫѡ .
ӡ߬ 諼ԫ ӫ ѺԿ .쿬 ѫԡ ạߴ
"Ԭ ѽ ӫ ѺԿ ߬
Կ".
߬, 1895., ѡ ѽ߬ ի, ᬪ ӿ Ѵѽ Կ
ѽ߬ ӡԫ ǽѬ ءѽ .쿬 Ӵ 1896.
Ὣ Կ .
Կ Կ ٺὫ ߫ ԫӫ ..ԫ ѽ
ԫ Ѯ ѡ. ѽ ..ԫ Ὣ ٪
.쿬 ӿի. ԫ Ѽѡ ԫ ߬ իڿ ѡ,
Ẫ ߬ ӫԿ ѡ. ߬ Ѽ ԫ Ὣ. ūѡ
ٽ Ὣ ߽ѡ Դ Ѭԫ .쿬Ѽ, ߡټ
Ѽ ԫ ٽ " ѡ 쿬 ū ߬
ӿի". ѽ Ѯ 濡. ѡ
"ӫ߿ѽѮ", .쿬 ū ٽ ѡ ӿի.
ū߽ Կ Ӵ .쿬 ѽ ߿ ߴ
ӫ ߬ ߽Ҫѡ ߬ ӿի.
6 1901. .쿬 " ү ߽Ҫ ӫ
ӫѡ" ٽ ԫѡ ѡ Ἷ, 1905. ѡ ߡټ ԫ.
10 1904. .쿬 ߽߫Ҫ Ѯ ..ᡡ ӫ߬
߬ѡ߬ Ӭ .ѽ߬.
1909. .쿬 ١ ǽѬѼ ߿Ѽ ߫ Ὣ
Ӭ߬ .
.쿬 ߿ Ѽ ߫ 19091915. ӿի߬
쿬߬ . Ӵ ԫ ѴѽԿ, ߫Կ Ѫ
ӿѬ Ѯ .쿬 Ὣ Կ ӿի ԫ
ѽ.
.쿬, ߬ ٬, ӿ ӫѽ
ӿ ᵿѡԫ, ӫү , ӿ߿ү , ѡ
.
1911. ѽ 衴 ཿ ӫ "Կ ,
ի ߬ ѡ 쿬 ū 75 Ѯ ӫ
쿬߬ ߬ ӿի, ѡ߬
ᬫ߬ ѡ"
ѡ
ѡ
1886
ѡ
16
ߴ
12
Ѽ ѡ
ѻ߬ ѽ߬ ´ (ӫ)
ѡ " Ѻ ߽Ҫѡ Ӭ Ѯ"
߬
ѡ
1895
ѡ
10
ߴ
7
Ѽ ѡ
ѻ߬ 쿬ᡫ (ѡ߬)
ѡ " Ҭѡ "
Ἷ
ѡ
1901
ѡ
6
ߴ
5
ѡ " ү ߽Ҫ ӫ ӫѡ"
ߡٮ
ѡ
1905
Ҭѡ
ӫԫѮ
1914
ѡ
2
ߴ
7
2 1914. .쿬 ٽ ѡ ӫԫѴ ạѡѼ
ԫѽ ѡ߬ ߫ .ѡ߬.
ѡ߬ ԫ ߬ ӿի ٽ ạѡ Ѯ Ѽ
Ե 쿬 ū, ԫٮ ӫ ѽ
ѡ ѡ ӿի߬ 쿬߬
Ҫѡ
ѽ߬ ., .ѡ߬, ѡ߬ ߫
ӫԫѮ
䫽 ԫѽ
1914
ѡ
2
ߴ
7
1916
4 ѡԴӴ 1914. Ѽ ū ӫի .ѡ߬, ӿٽ
7 ѡԴӴ.
27 ѡԴӴ 1914. .쿬 ٽ ạѡ үڿ ᬫѽѼ
ѡ߬ ӫ߬ Ӭ-ӿի߬ ެ.
ԫ ӿ, ԫѽѼ ߫, .쿬 ӿիἿ ߴ
ӫ Ѯ Ҫ ѮүѮ Ӽ ӫ ԻѡѼ
߬ 꼻ӿ ǽѬ ӫ ӫ.
30 1915 ᡡٮ ѡ ѡ ߫ᡡ ߬
쿬߬ . ӫԫѮ 쿬 ū ѼѮ ӿ ѡ߬
27 , 29 ѽ߬ ѡ Ӭ, ӿٽ
ѻ߬ ´ (ӫ). ԫӪ ӿի
ԫѽѼ 濮߬ Ӵ տӿԫ ѡἿ (諡ټ) ߫Ὣ
11 ѡ. ӿ ѽ߬ ӿ Ե 쿬.
ӿ ޫ ѡ ӫ 30 1915. 쿬߬ ٽ ԫӪѡ
ѡ.
ū߽ ߽Ҫ Ѻ ѼὫ ߽ ٽ ߬ᡫ ӿիἿ
.쿬 ū:
" ߫ ѽ ѽ, ߫ ߡ
ūӫѽ Կѽ 쿬 ӵ. ԫ Ѽ ԫ
ừ , ԫ, Ѻ Ҫѡ, ѡ 21
ԿѼߴ . ټ ߬ ߽
Ѻ ӫ , Ѫ . ߽ !
Ӵ Ѯ ԡԿ Ѵѽ Ҭ ѽ
...".
6 11 1915. .쿬 ѼѮ ߫ Ὣ 櫽ѵ
, Կ Ѭӡү , Ҭὼ Կ߬ ߬.
ӡ Ѻ, ᬫ-ԫ Ѽ Կ ӫ ѽ߬,
߽ Դ Ե Ѽ .
18 1915. ū ӡҽ ѡ߬.
1916. Ѻ, .쿬Ѽ ٽ ᡫ ӫѡ ѡ
Կ ԫѽ ӫ߬ ߫.
24 1916. ߫ԫѼ ӫ, .쿬 ٽ Ѽѡ
ѡ ԫ-ӫ ѡ߬
߽Ҫѡ ٮ ӿ .쿬 :
"ԫٮ ӫ, ѡ ѡ իӫ. Ѻ. ߽Ҫѡ
߫ Ѯ. ѽ ի"
ѽ߬ ., ѡ߬ ԫ-ӫ ѡ߬
ӫԫѮ
䫽 ѡ
1916
ѡ
24
ߴ
8
1919
1917. Դѽ Ѽѡ ߬ ߽ Ӭ.
1 1917. ѡ߬ ѡ߬ ԫ Ҽ
Ҫѡټ ߫Ἷ, Ѽ "Ԭ ߬
ӫ".
15 ѬӴ 1917. 2 ӿ Ѽ Ҫѡ ߫
"ѽ ԫѽ߬ ѽ ߬ ".
ū߽ Ѭ " ѽѡ Ӭ ", ᡡ 23 Ӵ 1918.
Ὣ ẫѡ ӬѮ Ѯ.
翼 1918. ԫ ѡ߬ ѡ߬ .
ӫ ٽ ߫ᡫ " ѽѮ ڿԡ ߽".
ԫ տ ѡԿ ѡ߬ Ӵ,
ԫ ԫ ѽ Ὣ.
ѽ 1918. ٽ ߬ ԫ ߬ Ѽѽ .
ӫԫѮ 쿬 ū ӫ Ԭԫ ӿ Ѯ
ڿ ѡ߬ Ӵ (߫ ѡ ӫѮ
ԿѼ 1 ѽ 2 1918 ).
ѽ ƫӪ ߽, 24 1918. ѡ߬ ӫѽ ԡٮ
ի ҽ ӫ.
56 1918. ѡ߬ Կ ѻ߬ ѽ߬ ߬
´ (ӫ). ӫ ѡ߬ ٽ ߫ѡ:
ӫ ѡڡ ѡ, ӫ ߽ ԫӫ ٬ Կߴ
߫ ߽ ế ѡ.
1918 , ߽ ѽ߬ ߫ ߬ (
ӿᡵ) ѽ Ӽ һ ѡ߬, ޡ ѡٮ ߡټ.
ѡԴ 1918. ӫ ӿᡵ. ߬ ٽ .
1919. ߬ ߡ Ӽ һ ѡ߬ Ѻ
Ѯ , 25 Ӵ, ӿᡵ ѽѮ,
Ҫѡ, ӫ, һ .
Կ ѡ߬ Ѻ ߡ Ὣ
ᡫѡ ߫߬ Կ.
12/25 Ӵ 1919. ѡ߬ ѡ߬ ( ӫ߬
Ӭ) ߽Ҫѡ ٽ ѡ. Ҽѡ߬ ӻ Ӵ ẼԿߴ
ߡ Ӽ. Ҽѡ ´ ѽ ѡٮ ӻ
ӿ ߬ ߿߬ Ӭ.
ӫ ߽Ҫ ӫ߬ ߫ ԫ 9 ὴ, ٮ
ߴ ԫ, ӫ ߫ӡ ӿ.
ӫߴ ѽѡѼ, ԫӫ ߫Ὣ ѽ ӼѮ.
ӿ ի իѡ
ѽ߬ ., .ѡ߬
1919
ѡ
30
ߴ
1
ӫԫѮ 쿬 ū ٽ ԫ 17/30 Ӵ 1919. ᬽѡ ԯ
Ҫѡ
.
/02
/1919
ѡ
""
ӿ
ѽ
ᬽѡ
ѽ߬ ., .ѡ߬, ԯ
1919
ѡ
30
ߴ
1
1919
ѡ
5
ߴ
2
諡
1919
ѡ
5
ߴ
2
ѽ
ԫ
ѽ߬ ., .ѡ߬, ԯ
ӿ ٽ ӿѡ ѡ 5 ὴ 20 ߫ ѡ߬ ԯ.
ԡ 26 Ӵ/8 ὴ 1919. ٽ ӿ:
"ѡ ѡ߬ Ӵ 쿬 ū,
ӫ Կ߬ ᵿ, ߴ Ӭ
߿ -ӿᡵ ӿ ߽ѡ Ӭ
ᡡ , .... ӫ... , ѽѮ
߫Կ߬ ѡ ߬ ɫ߿ ѽ.
ӿѡ ѡ 5 ὴ 20 ߫. ѡӼ ..Һ".
ӫԴ ӫ ߫ 29 Ӵ/11 ὴ 1919. ١
.쿬 ѡ ǽѬ߿ ū Ѽ ѯ ߿:
"ѽ ߽ : ٮ ӫ 5
ὴ .. ѡ߬ 8 ߫ ѽ. ߿
Ѽ, ԫ ѽ ; իӫ .
ԫ ޡ ߫Կ 6 ὴ ߽ .
Ӵ ߽Ѻ Ӵ ߫ ỻԿ, Կ ߫ѡ , ߴ
߿ү ү ޡү ߽...
1- 30 Ӵ ߴ ѡ Ѻᮡ ߿
Ҽ ߫Ἷ ӫ ߬.
Ѻ ӫ, ԫ Ի ԯ. Ѻ
ԫ ӿ ߬ .
ѡ ѽټ ߡټ Ҫ , ߴ ,
ԫ Ѽ ѡ, -ᬿ ۴ѡ ٽ
ѡ ѡ Ҫ.
ѽ, , ٮ ѡ ԡ ԯ; ߿
߽үڿ , ԫ .
ѽ ԫ ѽ (Ѭҽߴ ߬ Ἷ)
1 ὴ, ӫ.
䫻 ѡ ѽ, ѽ ѡ
ѡ .
ٮ ѡ ѡ , ... .
! ߴ Ѯ ӫԿ
Կ ӿӿߴ , Ὣ ...".
߿ ū, ѡ߬ Դԡү ѽ
Ӵ Ե, ỿ Ѽ :
"...髺ߴ ի ԫ, ԫ ߽ ӫ ѡѵ
ѡ߬. ӿԿ , ߽ ӫѽ
ӫѡ ѡ ӿ
Ѭԫ : " ١ ѡ!" ١
:
" ١ ѡѡ!"
߫, ԫ һ... , ѯ,
ԫ ٮ Ԭӫ ڿ Ѯ
... ӿ
ѡѡ!..."
ᵿ
1
ӿԫ: իѡ, үڿ Ӵ ߬ ߽ Ӭ, ѻ߿ӫᡡ ӡ (19181951). ߬ / .: .. ӫ. ѽ߬, 2006. 688. .440441.
2
ɫ ӫ. "...髺ߴ ի ԫ, ԫ ߽ ӫ ѡѵ ѡ߬"// Ӭ-ԫӿ߬ "i߬i ӫ". 20092010. N 1112. .4144.
3
ѽ߬ ߬ ѻտ. 忺ѫ ѡ ӫԫѴ 쿬 ū.
(c) . ҽ