߬ 쿬 ѻᡫ
ӫѡ
1886
ѡ ӫѡ
14
ߴ ӫѡ
10
ԫ ӫѡ
ɴ߬ ., ߬ ., ߬ . (߬߬ ., ߬ (ӫ߬) .), .ừ
ӫԫѮ
ɫߴ ԡ Ѽ ԫѽ ԫ-ӫ Ӭ .ừ ӫԫѴ
(ѻ) 伿ӿ ߬ (18451921), ١ ѡ,
һ ѫ (ӫ) (18511938), ӿ ѡ .
.ѫ ӿ߬.
Ѽ ߬ ӫ Ѽ ѽѬ Ѯ; ӫ ١ 쿬,
ԫ ٽ: (ӫ.11.09.1870.), ߽ ѡ ѡ .
߿߬ Ѻ .´ 漿ӡ; ӿ (ӫ.23.11.1871), ѡ ᬫ
.ڿ ߿߬ Ѻ ǽѬѴ ᵿ߬; (01.03.18731906);
伿ӿ (ӫ.14.04.1875.), ߽ ߽, ѽ
26.02.1938. ԫ; (ӫ.13.07.1878.); 諡Կ (ӫ.20.05.1889),
߽ ߬ ի ߬߬ ҡ-;
(ӫ.06.09.1891.), ߽ ѽ .ừ.
쿬 ի Ѽ Ե .
1905. ế
ɫ
߬ 伿ӿ ѻᡫ
ԫ
ӫԫѮ ߬ 쿬 ѻᡫ
ӫԫѮ ߬ 쿬 ѻᡫ
[
1905.
]
[
1941.
]
[
1941-1951.
]
[
1951-1970.
]
ẫ
ɴ߬ ի Ѽӿ
һѡ
1905
1911
ū߽ ế 쿬 諡Կ һ ɴ߬ү
իү Ѽӿ. ѼѮ (߬ .쿬 ):
"ūһ 1905., , ᬿ-ԫ ӫѡ ٽ
Ѫ. 諡, 쿬 ߬, 諡Կ, ӿ
Կ Կ ӫѡ, ... ԫ , Ѭԫ
ᬿ-ԫ ӫѡ Ҽ Ѽӿԫ ߽ ߴԫ.
ߴԫ. ᬫ , ߴټ
쿬 ߬! ѡ ѽ ѡ. ӿ
߫ ߽ѺἿ... ѵ Ѭԫ ӫ߿:
" 諡Կ, 쿬 , ѡ ѽ ѡ".
, ߽ Ե , ѡ ߽Ҫѡٮ ٽ ѡ, 쿬
."
ޡ ի Ѽӿ ٽ ڿ ѡ
ǽѬ ѽ.
1911. 쿬 ߬ II Ӵ ɴ߬ү իү Ѽӿ.
ѡߴ 伿ӿ 漿ӡ, ӿ ԫѽ ѫѡ߬
.ū .俼ӿ 漿ӡ.
߽ ѡ һ ӿ ɴ Ҭѡ 쿬
ѡٮ
Ҭѡ
ᬫ
1911
ԫ
ɴ
Ѯ
1911
ѡ
11
ߴ
10
ԫ
ɴ
1911. 쿬 ٽ ѡ ѡ
Ҫѡ
ɴ߬ ., ߬ . (߬߬ ., ߬ .), .ѿ, ߬ Ӭ
Ѯ
1911
1911
ٽ ѡ ߽Ҫ ߬ү Ӭ .ѿ Ѭ .ừ,
ӫ߽Ҫ , ӿ ߴ. ԫ Ѽ ѵ, ѡ
߬ ѽ , ӿի .ừ ҡ߽ .쿬
ɴ߬ ., ߬ ., ߬ . (߬߬ ., ߬ (ӫ߬) .), .ừ, ӫ Ӭ
Ѯ
1911
1914
1911. .쿬 ߽Ҫ ӫ .ừ Ե.
忽 Ѽ .쿬 ӫѽ߬
߬ Ӽ, ӫ ӫ
Ѯ
䫽 ѡ
1914
1914. .쿬 ٽ Ӽ ټ ѡ
߬߬ ., ߬ (ӫ߬) ., .ừ, ӫ
Ѯ
䫽 ԫѽ, ٮ
1929
ū߽ ѡ Ӽ ߽Ҫ ԫѽѼ ӫ .ừ
ټ , ԫӫ ٽ 18 ӿի.
.쿬 Ҭ ӿӫ ԡѮ Ӭ. 1921. Կ.
ԫ ԫ Կ տѴ Ѯ ѡ, ެ ӿ
ԡԿ ƫ߿ Ҭѡ ӿᡫ.
Ѽ ٽ Դѽ, . ի Կ ի Ὣ.
1929. Ѽ ѽ ӫѽ߬
߬߬ ., ߬ (ӫ߬) ., .ừ
1929
Ҫѡ
.
/.
/1929
ѡ
"һ Ὣ"
ӿ
2 ٽ ѼѮ
1929. .쿬 һ Ὣԡ ١ 伿ӿѼ, Ѽ ǽѬѼ
ٽ ߽߫, .諺 (ӿ߬), ߬
ᬽѡ
߬ ., .ӿ߬ (諺)
1929
ٽ .쿬 ӫ ѡ߬ ߽Ҫѡ Ἣ .諺,
Ӵ.
.쿬 ٽ ӫѡ ạ ᡵ ѡ ӫ,
. ԯެ , ԫ һԿ Ὣ, ӫ һ
ԫӫ ӫѽ.
髺ټѽ Ѯ ӫѡ ... Ѻ ӿ ٽ Ѽ ٽ
ѡ ӡߴ ừ
Ҫѡ
߬߬ ., ߬ (ӫ߬) ., .ừ, ӫ
ӫԫѮ
䫽 ԫѽ, ٮ
1937
ѡ
18
ߴ
11
ū߽ ѡ ٽ .쿬 ߡ ߽Ҫ ӫ Ӭ .ừ.
䫼 Ѽ .쿬 , Կ ߡ, ի Ӭ ԫӫ
߫ ԫӫἿ ڡἿ ѽѮ ߫߬ ѽѮ ᬿ.
.쿬 ٽ ١Ҫѡ ѡ Ѽ .
Ѻ ӡҽ.
.쿬 ӿ "߬ҽ". ū ѼѮټ :
"١߽ : ѽ, Ӭ, ѽ ѽ, , ...
忺 ٽ , .쿬 Ὣߴ, ԫ ߴ,
ߴ ߴ".
25-ԡѼ ѯ ߽Ҫѡ .쿬 ٽ ѡ ߡټ ԫ
Ҭѡ, ѡ Ѯ.
1935. .쿬 ѫᡡ ٺ ߽ѽ ի-. ū
ެ 伿ӿ. ԫӫ Ԭٽ ӫ, ӫԿ ԯެ
, ެ ߬: " ". ӫ.
ѽٮ ѡ ѽ ӫ. ӿ ѡ, Ԭߴ
ի Ὣ ߽Ҫ . իӫޫ Ѽү ߬
Ѫѡ. ѡ Ѻ Ԭߴ. ԫ ߽Ἷ, ԫ,
, "ү ѽ իӫү ". ġ : " ߽Ҫ
ս ߬, ! ߬ , ӫҮ Ἷ ߽Ҫ!"
ӿ ҼӬ. 鬫ѵ, ѡٮ ҡѽټ ӫ߫, .쿬
ӿ , ӿ:
" ӿ ߬ҽ ѡ, ѡ Ὣ, ӫ Ѯ Ѯ
ӫ ެ. ӿ Ѯ ѡ , Ԭ
, , ի Ҭ, ԫ , ,
ԫү ӿ Ե ".
Ҽѡٮ ᬫ ѽ ߽ѽ ӫ:
" ԫ , ߬, ߽Ҫ".
ԫӫ, ٻ߬ ӫ, ѡ Ӽ:
" ! 欫 ߬ ߯ Ѯ, ٻ߬ !" .
.쿬 1930- ٽ Ѽ: ѡ 伿ӿ, ӿ ١
ӿ, ѡ ӫ, ᬪ
ᡫ, ٽ ѡԫ .
ӫ ԫ, Ѽ տ ԫ ߬ Ӵ
諽, ԫ ӿ ӫ, .. ӫ ߫
߬ ի ߬ Ѫ. տ Ӭ ,
տ ߫ ٽ Ҫ ѡ , , ެ
伿ӿ .
1936. ٽ ԫӪѡ Լѡ 25-Կ ߽Ҫѡ .쿬 ѡ .
1937. ѡ߽ҪѽѮ. Ѭԫ ѡ
ӿի Ѻ, ԫ Կ , .쿬
ӿի. ѼѮ :
"...ѡ ٽ Ὣ ѡ. -ԫ . 쿬
իѽ Ѻ. ѵ 쿬 ٽ ᬫ ѡ:
" ӫߴ, ӿߴ".
ġ ӿ Ե , ѡ Ѽ ..."
Ҭѡ
ѡ
1936
߬߬ ., ߬ (ӫ߬) ., .ừ
1937
ѡ
18
ߴ
11
.쿬 ٽ ԫ ӫի ѽ ߫ ӫԫ Ӭ ѽѮ
쿬Կ ᬿ, ѽѮ ߫߬ ߬ ӿիἿ.
߬ ӿ .쿬 쿬:
"18 Ӵ, Ѽټ ѡ ӫ, ԯެ ӿѽ ӡ ԫӫ
ӫѽ ... ӿ Կ... ߴ
Ҽ Ѯ ... Ҫѡ ᡬ.
ҪѼ ի ӿ. ӫ ԯެ.
ߴ ߬. ի ѽ Ҽ .
ᬫѵ ѽ .쿬 ѻ Ӵ ԫ ߫ Ѽ
ӫߴ... Ѻ...
ӫ ӿ ѡ ի, ߯ ԫެ
ҡ߽. ի Ѽ Ѻ Ӽ,...
ѡ ҡѡ. ެ ߯ Կ ١,
. Ѽ Ѽ ԯެ.
Ӵ ެ ߽ ߡ Ҽӽ"
Ҫѡ
ӫ ӿ ߬߬ .
27
/11
/1937
ѡ
"Կ߫߬ ᵿ"
.5810
ӿ
10
. .10035. .20021.
Ѻ 9 Ѯ ߽ , 27 Ӵ 1937., .쿬 ߬ ٽ Ҫѡ
10 .5810
ᬽѡ
߬߬ ., .߬, ԯ
1937
ѡ
18
ߴ
11
1937
ߴ
11
ٽ ᬽѡ ԯ .߬
߬, ߬ ԯ
1937
ߴ
11
1937
ߴ
11
Ѻ ߬ Ѯ ѡ ߬ү ԯ ߬. ū ,
ӫ ۴, ԫ ӫ ᡴ. ᬽѡ .
.쿬 ٽ ạѡ Ѫӡټ. ԫ ߡ ѽ ү ӫ.
ġ ԫѽ ߫ԫ Ѽ ԫӫߴ, .
ӫ ߫ӡ ߫ߴ ᡯ. ū ߫ ԫ ,
ߴ ѡ, ԫӫ, ߫ ԯѼٮ .
ӡ, Ҫ, ԫ Ҫ , Կ ڿ Ѫ
ӫ, Ѽ ߫ ѽߴ ѽ-ѽ. ԫӫ Ѯ "" ߬
Ѽ, ԫ , Ҫ . ѡٮ ԯެ ѽ ԡ.
Ѯ ѽ. ѽ "", ѿԡ,
ԫ ߴ
Կ߬
1937
.쿬 ߬ ԫ Կ߬ Ӵ
Ǽ߬ ., .ٮ,
1941
ūԫ ٽ Իѡ .ٮ.
ᬽѡ ߡ իߴ ڿ . ū ߫ѡټ ,
߫ Ӵ ߫, ҽߴ ի. ġ Ѫ
ߡѪ ӫ, Ҵ. ӿ . .쿬 ӿԫߴ Կ,
ߴ . "ӿ, , ӫ", ѻ .
ӫ ӿ Ѽ: " !". ߽
߿, ... ѽ ӫ. ߬ ӫӴ
ѽ ӿ ѽ , Ѫ ӫ, ӡү .
ӿ ԫ, ١.
ӿ , ѡ Ѽӿ ߽ Ѽ !
黫߽, ߽ ѡ, ѡ, .쿬 Ѫ
߬ ꬫ Ѯ ӿ ߽Ҫ ѡ ԫ
ӫ, .. ٽ ѡ, ԫ ԫ ġ .
߬ .쿬 1941., իѽ ӫ
ᬽѡ Ѻ. ԫ Ҽѡ ѡ, ӫ߿:
"߬, ߴ. ᪿ, ԫ ѽ ?"
.쿬 Կ:
" ԫ? ߽Ҫ ".
ӡҽ , ٽ Ҫѡ 10
Ҫѡ
Ǽ߬
28
/05
/1941
ӿ
10
ᬽѡ
Ǽ߬ .,
1941
1951
ߴ
5
1951. ԯެ ߫ڿ Ѽ, ԫ ߬ӫ ӡߴ ᬽѡ ӫ߿ ӿ߽
ѡ ӫ. ެ ӫ ӫ ߽ 1000 .
.쿬 ٽ ѡ 1951. ӡҽߴ ừ. ū ѼѮټ :
" һ ӫ , ӿ ѽ Կ ۴,
ԫ Ѽ ѡ, ѡ ѡ 24- ߫".
ѡ, .쿬 ߡ Իߴ ӫ.
꺼ѡٮ, ټ Ἷ, Ѻ Ѫ ӫ, ١Ҫѡ
ٽ ߬ ԫ ѮѮ ߬ ߽Ҫѡ
Ҫѡ
ɴ߬ ., ߿߬ ., ., ߬ Ѯ ӿ
ӫԫѮ
䫽 ԫѽ
1951
ѡ
10
ߴ
7
1967
߬߬ . Ѽ ٽ ѡ. ġ Իߴ ߡ ߬ү
ѻտ. ڿ, ӿ, .쿬
իѽ ѡ. ٬, ӫ Ҽѡ, ߬:
"ᬿ Ҫ".
.쿬 ӫү ɴ߬ү ѻտ. ٬ 쿬 ޡ Կ
ѡ ạѡ . ԫѽѼ
߬ Ѯ ӿ.
߽Ҫ , Ѻ ӿի Ѽ.
ٽ , , , իѡ, ԡ ѽ
߽Ҫ. ӿի .
ٽ ڿߴ. ӫ, Ӽ ѡ ӫ
߫Ὣ ѡ ӫ ӿի. .쿬 Կߴ ԫ, ԫ
ٽ ԫ Һ٬ټ ߽ի. ġ ѡ իӫ . ѽ .
ӿ , ԫ ѽ, Ѽ ѡ .
ѡ߬, ߽߫ᡡ . .쿬 Ѽ: .
Ѽѡ ὫڿѮ, ԫ. Ѽ ѡ߬
ԫ .
Ѽ ߴ ᬽѡ ѽѴ ߫߬.
ӿի, ԫ ӿի Ѭ, ߬ ӿ
" ". ެ Ѭ ӫ, Ἣ. ġ ޡ
Ѯ.
ӿ 쿬:
"ᬫ ٽ ӫѽѽٮ ! ġ ߬ ի.
ġ Ὣߴ, ԫ Ѽ , ԫ Ԭ
ԫ-ԫ ... Ѽ ӿի ߫ ߽ѺἿ, ի ҽڿߴ... .
ѵ 쿬 ٮ ѡ ߽Ҫ ӫ ӫ, ٮ ѡ...
Ѽ? Ӭ ٽ ӫ ,
ٽ , ߿ ٽ ӬѮ, ԫ 25 ...
ѡ, ߫ Ѽ Ἷ ӿի ߯...
ӿ .쿬 , ߽ ѡ Ӭ ...
ٽ ߿, ԫ-ԫ ѽ, Կ ԫ .
ӿի... ߬: " , ӿѽ .쿬, ᬫ
ѡٮ, ᬫ . Խ ԡ߿ߴ
! ġ ٻ , ߵ, ӿ Ѽ ỿ
"ӿԫ Ӵ", "߬ѡ Ӵ", ỿ ߬
, ӫ. ġ ի ᬿ-ԫ Կ ᬿ-ԫ ߫
Ҭѡ , Կߴ ԫ. ԫ Ѽ һѡٮ ӿ,
ԫ " , Ѽ , .쿬 ٮ ѽٮ, ٮ ѡٮ
߫ ԡԿ Ӭ". Ѯѽ, ٽ ᬿ
"ӡ ", ԫ".
Ѽ "߬" ѡ Ӭ .쿬 һԿ
ӫٮ Ὣ. Ӫ һԫ Ὣ ٽ ٽ
ԿѼ , .쿬 ެ ӿ ӫ Ӽ-ӫ,
ڿ ѡ ᮼ . Ὣ ٽ һѡ ӫ.
.쿬 ٽ Կ ټ Ѽ. ġ ѻӿԿ, ٽ ӫ
ѽټ ѽ ѡԿ ԫ Ѽ һѡ Ѽ,
Ҫߴ ߫ ի Ҭ.
߽ .쿬 ߽ѻ.
1968. ٽ ١Ҫѡ ٮԿ . ԫѽѼ . ѻᡫ.
ѻ߬ .ӫ ѽټ, ѡ . ѡ߬, ߬ѡ Կ
.쿬 ѡ߿ ߬ .
Ѽ .쿬 ߬ ٽ Ѽӫ Ѯ: ǽѬѮ, ӿ Ҽӽ
ѡ, (19151994), ١ (19171941),
伿ӿ (192302.1944) ǽѬѮ (192602.1945) ߽ ӫ
ѽ ѡ , (1932..)
߽Ҫѡ ѡ ӿ Ԭ ߬
諡
1970
ѡ
16
ߴ
10
ԫ
ɴ߬ ., ߿߬ ., .
ԫ իӫѡ
ɴ߬ ., ߿߬ ., ., ԡ
ӿ .쿬 쿬:
"14 ԴӴ 1970. - ӫ ԫԿ .쿬 ߽.
ū ѽ. ġ իѽ ѽ Ҭ Ӫ ѴѽԿ
, .쿬 Ԭߴ:
"Ѽ ӫ ѡ? Ҫ ",
.
ū߽ ѡ, ԫٮ ӿ ԯެ ӿի. һ ӫ,
. ѻᡫ ỽ: "! ߫ߴ?" ߽:
"ū . ... ի".
. . ū߽ . ῡ
߫ӫ. ѽ ӫ ߬ ߽ "ӫԿ" Ѽ ӯ.
ӿ: " ? ԫ ߴ ?". ġ :
"ӿի ӿ . ߴ,
ի Կ ".
Ѻ Ԭ, 16 ԴӴ 1970. ӫԫѴ .쿬 Ὣ. ƿի ԫ
".
.쿬 ѡ Ҽ . ӫ ѡ, ԫ
ӫ ӿի, ӿի ӫԿߴ ߫ Ѽ.
Ի ߫ ӫӡٮ ӫԫѮ ѡ߬, ١ ެ
ԫӿ, ӿ ޫ ѡ ӿի.
.쿬 ٽ իӫѡ ԡ ѽ߬ .
黫߽ Ӵ ٽ իӫѡ ѽѴ ߫߬
ᵿ
1
https//base.memo.ru/person/show/2714327 ( "Ѽӿ". 䫻ѡ ߿).
2
ū ѡ: 衿 ἴԿ Կ߬ ѻ߿ ѽѮ ߬߬ Կ. .: "-", 2002.
3
ѡ߽Ҫѽ XIX XX Ѭ. ߬߬ ѻտ. ừ ߬ .. ӫ ừ.
4
ٮ ߿߬ ѻտ.ѡ 쿬 ߬.
5
ἴ . ߬ 쿬 ᮽ, ӫԫѮ. Ѭӫ// . 1971. N5.
.23.
6
..Ὣ. ٻ߬ ɴ߬ ի Ѽӿ.
7
Ҽѡ ߬ (ӽ߬). Կ ѡ ɫ߿߬ Ѭ. ꯡ. , 2008.
.365366.
8
ԫӿ, ҽ ɴ߬ . 11.09.2009. "ӿի ӿ ... ".
9
..߬. ѡ 쿬 ߬. ỿ/ӿի.߬ ԡ, 2012.
10
ɴ߬ ѻտ ѡ߬ ի . ٮ . 14- ٻ߬ 1908..
11
իѡ ߬ Ӭ XX Ѭ. Ѭ. ӿ .. . ūԫѡ Կ ..٬ټ. 2001..
12
߬ .. Ѽ ԫѽ ԫ-ӫ Ӭ .ừ ߬ ѻտ ӫԫѴ 쿬 ᡫ ߬// ߬ . ԫӿ-߬ . ٻ.3.
.235249.
13
ἴ ӫ. Ӽᵿ 伿ӿ ߬ ѡ ߬ իӫѡ.
ѽ
1.
տ (Ἤӫ), ԫ-ѡ߬ ѡ߬
(c) . ҽ